Today we will look at the form यजामि 1As-लँट् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1-8-2.
चिन्तयानस्य तस्यैवं बुद्धिरासीन्महात्मनः ।
सुतार्थं वाजिमेधेन किमर्थं न यजाम्यहम् ।। १-८-२ ।।
Gita Press translation “While the high-souled king was reflecting (on the matter once), the following idea occured to him: – ‘Why not propitiate the Deity by means of a horse-sacrifice in order to be blessed with a son?'”
यजामि is derived from the धातुः √यज् (भ्वादि-गणः, यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु, धातु-पाठः #१. ११५७ )
The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, उत्तम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
In the धातु-पाठः, the √यज्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the जकार:। Since the इत् letter has a स्वरित-स्वर:, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the यज्-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the यज्-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as “यज्” will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, यज्-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।
Since the विवक्षा is उत्तम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “मिप्”।
(1) यज् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.
(2) यज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) यज् + मिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “मिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “मिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(4) यज् + शप् + मिप् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(5) यज् + अ + मि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।
(6) यजामि । By 7-3-101 अतो दीर्घो यञि -the ending अकार: of a अङ्गम् is elongated if it is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।
Questions:
1. Who is the subject (कर्ता) of the verb यजामि?
2. In commenting on the सुत्रम् 7-3-101 अतो दीर्घो यञि, the काशिका says – यञि इति किम्? पचतः। पचथः। Please explain.
3. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् been used?
5. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the first line of the verse?
6. We have studied one सूत्रम् (besides 3-4-78) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the मिप्-प्रत्यय:। Which one is it?
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you live long.” Use the अव्ययम् “चिरम्” for “long.” Use the धातु: “जीव्” (जीव प्राणधारणे १. ६४३) for “to live.”
8. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you be long-lived.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “दीर्घायुष्मत्” for “long-lived.”
Easy questions:
1. Which other terms (besides “मिप्”) in the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार: have पकार: as an इत्?
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in चिन्तयानस्य and तस्य?
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा been used?
Questions:
1. Who is the subject (कर्ता) of the verb यजामि?
Answer: The विवक्षा here is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, उत्तम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् । By 1-4-107 अस्मद्युत्तमः, the subject can only be अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिकम्। Since the विवक्षा is एकवचनम्, the subject has to be अहम्। Here it refers the king (Daśaratha)।
2. In commenting on the सुत्रम् 7-3-101 अतो दीर्घो यञि, the काशिका says – यञि इति किम्? पचतः। पचथः। Please explain.
Answer: According to this सुत्रम् 7-3-101, the ending अकार: of a अङ्गम् is elongated if it is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:। तकारः and थकारः don’t belong the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:, that’s why there’s no elongation of the ending अकार: of a अङ्गम् before प्रत्ययाः like तस् (example is पचतः), थस् (example is पचथः) etc.
3. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
Answer: बुद्धिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “बुद्धि”) gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि।
4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् been used?
Answer: सूत्रम् 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् is used in formation of महात्मनः । The प्रातिपदिकम् here is “महात्मन्” । By 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात्, the अकारः of अन् does not take लोपः (as ordained by 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः), when it follows a conjunct that has वकारः or मकारः as its last member. 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् is निषेध-सूत्रम् to 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः। In this example, we have the conjunct “त्म्” preceding “अन्” – hence 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात् stops 6-4-134 अल्लोपोऽनः।
5. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the first line of the verse?
Answer: The अव्ययम् used in the first line of the verse is एवम् which comes under the चादि-गणः (1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे)। It gets the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा because 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे comes under the अधिकार: of 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः। It gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम् ।
6. We have studied one सूत्रम् (besides 3-4-78) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the मिप्-प्रत्यय:। Which one is it?
Answer: पाणिनि: specifically mentions the मिप्-प्रत्यय in सूत्रम् 3-4-89 मेर्निः ।
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you live long.” Use the अव्ययम् “चिरम्” for “long.” Use the धातु: “जीव्” (जीव प्राणधारणे १. ६४३) for “to live.”
Answer: चिरम् जीव/जीवतात् = चिरं जीव/जीवतात्।
8. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you be long-lived.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “दीर्घायुष्मत्” for “long-lived.”
Answer: दीर्घायुष्मान् भव/भवतात् ।
Easy questions:
1. Which other terms (besides “मिप्”) in the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार: have पकार: as an इत्?
Answer: तिप् and सिप् also have पकारः as इत् by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्।
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in चिन्तयानस्य and तस्य?
Answer: 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the words चिन्तयानस्य and तस्य।
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा is used in आसीत् + महात्मनः (= आसीद् + महात्मनः by 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते) to form आसीन्महात्मनः।