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Daily Archives: February 7, 2012

पाठयामासतु: 3Ad-लिँट्

Today we will look at the form पाठयामासतु: 3Ad-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb7.5.2

तौ राज्ञा प्रापितं बालं प्रह्रादं नयकोविदम् ।
पाठयामासतुः पाठ्यानन्यांश्चासुरबालकान् ।। ७-५-२ ।।
यत्तत्र गुरुणा प्रोक्तं शुश्रुवेऽनुपपाठ च ।
न साधु मनसा मेने स्वपरासद्ग्रहाश्रयम् ।। ७-५-३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
पाठ्यान्दण्डनीत्यादीन् । पाठ्यानसुरबालकानिति वान्वयः ।। २ ।। अनु श्रवणानन्तरं तथैव पपाठ च किंतु तत्साधु न मेनेतत्र हेतुः – स्वः पर इत्यसद्ग्रहो मिथ्याभिनिवेश एवाश्रयो यस्य तत् ।।

Gita Press translation “They taught (all) subjects that were worth teaching to Prahrāda – who had been sent (to their house) by the king (Hiraṇyakaśipu) and, though (yet) a child, was skilled in reasoning – as well as to other children of the Asuras. He listened to and immediately reproduced what was taught to him by his teacher there; but at heart he did not approve of it, based as it was on the false notion distinguishing a friend from a foe.”

पाठयामासतु: is derived from the धातुः √पठ् (भ्वादि-गणः, पठँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ३८१)

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग: (हेतुमति), प्रथम-पुरुषः, द्विवचनम्

पठ् + णिच् । By 3-1-26 हेतुमति च – The affix “णिच्” is used after a root, when the operation of a causer – such as the operation of directing – is to be expressed. “णिच्” gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्धधातुकं शेषः
= पठ् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः
= पाठ् + इ । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः, a penultimate (उपधा) अकार: of a अङ्गम् gets वृद्धिः as the substitute when followed by a प्रत्ययः which is a ञित् or a णित्।
= पाठि ।

“पाठि” gets धातु-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-32 सनाद्यन्ता धातवः

(1) पाठि + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) पाठि + आम् + लिँट् । By वार्त्तिकम् (under 3-1-35) कास्यनेकाच आम् वक्तव्यो लिँटि, when लिँट् follows, the affix आम् is prescribed after the धातु: √कास् (कासृँ शब्दकुत्सायाम् १. ७१०) as also after any धातु: that is अनेकाच् (has more than one vowel.)

(3) पाठय् + आम् + लिँट् । By 6-4-55 अयामन्ताल्वाय्येत्न्विष्णुषु, the affix “णि” is substituted by “अय्” when followed by any one of the following affixes – “आम्”, “अन्त”, “आलु”, “आय्य”, “इत्नु” or “इष्णु”।

(4) पाठयाम् । By 2-4-81 आमः, an affix which follows the affix “आम्” takes the लुक् elision. Now “पाठयाम्” gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्
Note: लिँट् has the कृत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ्

(5) पाठयाम् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…..

(6) पाठयाम् । By 2-4-81 आमः, an affix which follows the affix “आम्” takes the लुक् elision.

(7) पाठयाम् + अस् + लिँट् । By 3-1-40 कृञ् चानुप्रयुज्यते लिटि, following a term ending in the affix “आम्”, one of the following is annexed:
i. √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे ८. १०) followed by लिँट्
ii. √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) followed by लिँट् or
iii. √अस् (असँ भुवि २. ६०) followed by लिँट्

Note: In this सूत्रम्, “कृञ्” is a प्रत्याहार: formed starting from “कृ” in 5-4-50 and ending with “ञ्” in 5-4-58.

(8) पाठयाम् + अस् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

The ending अकार: (which is a इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्) of (असँ भुवि २. ६०) has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Hence as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, √अस् takes परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। The विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुषः, द्विवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “तस्”।

(9) पाठयाम् + अस् + तस् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तस्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तस्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(10) पाठयाम् + अस् + अतुस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकार: of “अतुस्” from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(11) पाठयाम् + अस् अस् + अतुस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(12) पाठयाम् + आस् अस् + अतुस् । By 7-4-70 अत आदेः, a beginning अकारः of a अभ्यास: (reduplicate) takes the दीर्घादेश: (आकार:) when लिँट् follows.

(13) पाठयाम् + आ अस् + अतुस् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(14) पाठयामासतुस् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः

(15) पाठयामासतुः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

Questions:

1. The प्रत्यय: “अतुस्” (used in this example) is used in only one word in the गीता। Which one is it?

2. From which सूत्रम् does the अनुवृत्ति: of लुक् come in to the सूत्रम् 2-4-81 आमः (used in steps 4 and 6)?

3. Where has 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि been used in the verses?

4. Can you spot a “णल्”-प्रत्यय: in the verses?

5. What is not quite right about the form शुश्रुवे?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Sri Krishna read the letter sent by Rukmini.” Use प्रातिपदिकम् “पत्र” for “letter.” Use a word from the verse for “sent.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has 7-3-120 आङो नाऽस्त्रियाम् been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the अकार-लोप: (elision of the letter “अ”) in the form राज्ञा (प्रातिपदिकम् “राजन्”, पुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्)?

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