Today we will look at the form अस्थि from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम्
उत्स्मयित्वा महाबाहुः प्रेक्ष्य चास्थि महाबलः ।
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन चिक्षेप सम्पूर्णं दशयोजनम् ।। १-१-६५ ।।
Gita Press translation “Smiling (at this) and gazing on the skeleton, the mighty-armed Rāma, who possessed extraordinary strength, hurled it with his big toe to a distance of full eighty miles. ”
‘अस्थि’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अस्थि‘.
(1) अस्थि + अम् । ‘अस्थि’ is a नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम्
(2) अस्थि । By 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्, the affixes सुँ and अम् that follow a neuter अङ्गम् take the लुक् elision.
Questions:
1. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: . (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् ) . Also as per the व्याख्यानम् “द्विवचनमतन्त्रम्” there may be more than two actions involved. Please identify the word ending in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: and in the ल्यप्-प्रत्यय: in this verse. Who is the common doer and which is his later action?
2. Which word in the verse translates to “full”?
3. What is the विभक्ति: (षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् अथवा सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् ) used in “स्वमो:” in the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् ?
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः used in this verse?
5. In the word पादाङ्गुष्ठेन why didn’t the नकार: change to a णकार: even though there is a षकार: prior to it in the same पदम् . Which intervening letter blocked the change?
6. One word is said to have समानाधिकरणम् with another word if both of them have the same (समानम्) locus (अधिकरणम्) – they refer to the same item. They will generally have the same gender/number/case. Generally they will be adjectives, except one which may be a noun. When the पदान्वय: (prose order) is done, they will be grouped together with the noun placed last. In this verse महाबाहु: has समानाधिकरणम् with which order word?
7. The सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् has an अपवाद: . Which one is it? This अपवाद: further has an अपवाद: . Which one is that?
8. Who has composed the वार्त्तिकानि (supplementary rules to the अष्टाध्यायी) ?
1. पाणिनि: 2. पतञ्जलि: 3. भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: 4. कात्यायन: 5. कैयट:
9. Please list the two synonyms for the word “अस्थि” as given in the अमर-कोश: [कीकसं कुल्यमस्थि च ।।२-६-६८।। – (त्रीणि “अस्थिमात्रस्य”)]
Easy questions:
1. By which सूत्रम् do we get च + अस्थि = चास्थि ?
2. By which सूत्रम् does the ending मकार: in सम्पूर्णम् become an अनुस्वार: ?
2. Which word in the verse translates to “full”?
सम्पूर्णम्
Easy Questions:
1. By which सूत्रम् do we get च + अस्थि = चास्थि ?
By the सूत्रम् 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः
1. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: . (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् ) . Also as per the व्याख्यानम् “द्विवचनमतन्त्रम्” there may be more than two actions involved. Please identify the word ending in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: and in the ल्यप्-प्रत्यय: in this verse. Who is the common doer and which is his later action?
उत्स्मयित्वा (having smiled; smiling) and प्रेक्ष्य (having seen, gazing). Lord Rama is the doer, the his later action is चिक्षेप.
2. Which word in the verse translates to “full”?
सम्पूर्णम्
3. What is the विभक्ति: (षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् अथवा सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् ) used in “स्वमो:” in the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् ?
षष्ठी-द्विवचनम्
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः used in this verse?
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन
पादाङ्गुष्ठ + टा (तृतीया-एकवचनम्)
पादाङ्गुष्ठ + इन (7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः)
पादाङ्गुष्ठेन (6-1-87 आद्गुणः)
5. In the word पादाङ्गुष्ठेन why didn’t the नकार: change to a णकार: even though there is a षकार: prior to it in the same पदम् . Which intervening letter blocked the change?
ठकारः
6. One word is said to have समानाधिकरणम् with another word if both of them have the same (समानम्) locus (अधिकरणम्) – they refer to the same item. They will generally have the same gender/number/case. Generally they will be adjectives, except one which may be a noun. When the पदान्वय: (prose order) is done, they will be grouped together with the noun placed last. In this verse महाबाहु: has समानाधिकरणम् with which order word?
महाबलः
7. The सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् has an अपवाद: . Which one is it? This अपवाद: further has an अपवाद: . Which one is that?
7-1-24 अतोऽम् is an अपवाद: of 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्
7-1-25 अद्ङ् डतरादिभ्यः पञ्चभ्यः is an अपवाद of 7-1-24 अतोऽम्
8. Who has composed the वार्त्तिकानि (supplementary rules to the अष्टाध्यायी) ?
1. पाणिनि: 2. पतञ्जलि: 3. भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: 4. कात्यायन: 5. कैयट:
4. कात्यायन:
Easy questions:
1. By which सूत्रम् do we get च + अस्थि = चास्थि ?
6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः
2. By which सूत्रम् does the ending मकार: in सम्पूर्णम् become an अनुस्वार: ?
8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः
1. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: . (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप् ) . Also as per the व्याख्यानम् “द्विवचनमतन्त्रम्” there may be more than two actions involved. Please identify the word ending in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: and in the ल्यप्-प्रत्यय: in this verse. Who is the common doer and which is his later action?
– The words are उत्स्मयित्वा (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:) and प्रेक्ष्य (ल्यप्-प्रत्ययः). The common doer is महाबाहुः/महाबलः (श्रीराम:). The later action is चिक्षेप.
2. Which word in the verse translates to “full”?
– सम्पूर्णम्.
3. What is the विभक्ति: (षष्ठी-द्विवचनम् अथवा सप्तमी-द्विवचनम् ) used in “स्वमो:” in the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् ?
– The विभक्ति: used in “स्वमो:” in the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् is षष्ठी-द्विवचनम्.
1-1-49 षष्ठी स्थानेयोगा states that the operation is on the term which is in the 6th case and 1-1-66 तस्मिन्निति निर्दिष्टे पूर्वस्य states that the operation happens on that which precedes the term in 7th case. It cannot be सप्तमी-द्विवचनम्, since the operation is on सुँ and अम् , and not on what precedes सुँ and अम्.
4. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः used in this verse?
– The सूत्रम् 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः is used in the word पादाङ्गुष्ठेन. प्रातिपदिकम् is पादाङ्गुष्ठ. विवक्षा is तृतीया-एकवचनम्. पादाङ्गुष्ठ + टा (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ). -> पादाङ्गुष्ठ + इन (7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः – टा is replaced with इन) -> पादाङ्गुष्ठेन (6-1-87 आद्गुणः)
5. In the word पादाङ्गुष्ठेन why didn’t the नकार: change to a णकार: even though there is a षकार: prior to it in the same पदम् . Which intervening letter blocked the change?
– The नकार: did not change to a णकार: due the intervening ठकार:
(reference 8-4-2 अट्कुप्वाङ्नुम्व्यवायेऽपि).
6. One word is said to have समानाधिकरणम् with another word if both of them have the same (समानम्) locus (अधिकरणम्) – they refer to the same item. They will generally have the same gender/number/case. Generally they will be adjectives, except one which may be a noun. When the पदान्वय: (prose order) is done, they will be grouped together with the noun placed last. In this verse महाबाहु: has समानाधिकरणम् with which order word?
– महाबाहुः has समानाधिकरणम् with महाबलः.
7. The सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् has an अपवाद: . Which one is it? This अपवाद: further has an अपवाद: . Which one is that?
– The अपवाद: for 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात् is 7-1-24 अतोऽम्
This अपवाद: further has 7-1-25 अद्ड् डतरादिभ्यः पञ्चभ्यः as its अपवादः।
8. Who has composed the वार्त्तिकानि (supplementary rules to the अष्टाध्यायी) ?
1. पाणिनि: 2. पतञ्जलि: 3. भट्टोजि-दीक्षित: 4. कात्यायन: 5. कैयट:
– महर्षिः कात्यायन: composed the वार्त्तिकानि (supplementary rules) to the अष्टाध्यायी.
9. Please list the two synonyms for the word “अस्थि” as given in the अमर-कोश: [कीकसं कुल्यमस्थि च ।।२-६-६८।। – (त्रीणि “अस्थिमात्रस्य”)]
The two synonyms for अस्थि given in the अमर-कोश: are कीकसम् and कुल्यम्.
Easy questions:
1. By which सूत्रम् do we get च + अस्थि = चास्थि ?
– By the सूत्रम् 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः
2. By which सूत्रम् does the ending मकार: in सम्पूर्णम् become an अनुस्वार: ?
– By the सूत्रम् 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः
Satishji, thanks for your help.