Today we will look at the form यजामि 1As-लँट् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 1-8-2.

चिन्तयानस्य तस्यैवं बुद्धिरासीन्महात्मनः ।
सुतार्थं वाजिमेधेन किमर्थं न यजाम्यहम् ।। १-८-२ ।।

Gita Press translation “While the high-souled king was reflecting (on the matter once), the following idea occured to him: – ‘Why not propitiate the Deity by means of a horse-sacrifice in order to be blessed with a son?'”

यजामि is derived from the धातुः √यज् (भ्वादि-गणः, यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु, धातु-पाठः #१. ११५७ )

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, उत्तम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

In the धातु-पाठः, the √यज्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the जकार:। Since the इत् letter has a स्वरित-स्वर:, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the यज्-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the यज्-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as “यज्” will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, यज्-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।

Since the विवक्षा is उत्तम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “मिप्”।

(1) यज् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) यज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) यज् + मिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “मिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “मिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(4) यज् + शप् + मिप् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(5) यज् + अ + मि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः ।

(6) यजामि । By 7-3-101 अतो दीर्घो यञि -the ending अकार: of a अङ्गम् is elongated if it is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:।

Questions:

1. Who is the subject (कर्ता) of the verb यजामि?

2. In commenting on the सुत्रम् 7-3-101 अतो दीर्घो यञि, the काशिका says – यञि इति किम्? पचतः। पचथः। Please explain.

3. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात्‌ been used?

5. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the first line of the verse?

6. We have studied one सूत्रम् (besides 3-4-78) in which पाणिनि: specifically mentions the मिप्-प्रत्यय:। Which one is it?

7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you live long.” Use the अव्ययम् “चिरम्” for “long.” Use the धातु: “जीव्” (जीव प्राणधारणे १. ६४३) for “to live.”

8. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“May you be long-lived.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “दीर्घायुष्मत्” for “long-lived.”

Easy questions:

1. Which other terms (besides “मिप्”) in the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार: have पकार: as an इत्?

2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in चिन्तयानस्य and तस्य?

3. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा been used?