Today we will look at the form भवन्तौ from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 10-41-46
भवन्तौ किल विश्वस्य जगतः कारणं परम् ।
अवतीर्णाविहांशेन क्षेमाय च भवाय च ।। १०-४१-४६ ।।
Gita Press translation “The ultimate Cause of the whole universe, You two, I understand, have appeared on this earth by Your own will for the protection as well as for the growth of the world.”
‘भवत्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and सर्वनाम-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि । The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-द्विवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भवत्’।
(1) भवत् + औ । “भवत्” is a डवतुँ-प्रत्ययान्त-शब्दः। Thus it ends in “अतुँ”, and it is also उगित् (since the उकार: in डवतुँ is an इत्)।
(2) भव नुँम् त् + औ । By 7-1-70 उगिदचां सर्वनामस्थानेऽधातोः, a non-verbal base with an उक् (उ, ऋ, ऌ) as a marker takes the नुँम् augment when followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.
(3) भवन्तौ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(4) भवंतौ । By 8-3-24 नश्चापदान्तस्य झलि, the नकारः (which is not at the end of the पदम्) gets अनुस्वारः as replacement since a झल् letter follows.
(5) भवन्तौ । By 8-4-58 अनुस्वारस्य ययि परसवर्णः, when a यय् letter follows, अनुस्वारः gets the सवर्णः of the यय् letter as its replacement.
Questions:
1. What would have been the final form in this example if we had started with the प्रातिपदिकम् “भवत्” which is derived from the धातु: “भू” and ends in the शतृँ-प्रत्यय:?
2. Which are the इत् letters in the डवतुँ-प्रत्यय:?
3. To which धातु: do we add the डवतुँ-प्रत्यय: to get the प्रातिपदिकम् “भवत्” used in this example?
4. Why didn’t the सूत्रम् 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः apply in this example in spite of the fact that here “भवत्” is a सर्वनाम-शब्द: that is listed after “त्यद्” in the सर्वादि-गण: (ref. 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि)?
5. Where is the सर्वनाम-शब्द: “भवत्” used in the गीता in chapter ten?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“When did you (sir) go to the temple?” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “गतवत्” to express the past tense of “go” and use the अव्ययम् “कदा” for “when.”
7. Please list the four synonyms of the word “जगत्” (प्रातिपदिकम् “जगत्” neuter, meaning “universe”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
अथो जगती लोको विष्टपं भुवनं जगत् ।।२-१-६।।
(इति पञ्च “लोकस्य” नामानि)
8. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in this verse?
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of अवतीर्णाविहांशेन and mention the relevant rules.
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the form “विश्वस्य”?
Questions:
1. What would have been the final form in this example if we had started with the प्रातिपदिकम् “भवत्” which is derived from the धातु: “भू” and ends in the शतृँ-प्रत्यय:?
The final form in this example would have been the same (भवन्तौ) if we had started with the प्रातिपदिकम् “भवत्” which is derived from the धातु: “भू” and ends in the शतृँ-प्रत्यय:। The declension (in the masculine) of the शतृँ-प्रत्ययान्त-भवत्-प्रातिपदिकम् and that of the डवतुँ-प्रत्ययान्त-भवत्-प्रातिपदिकम् will differ only in प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। For the former, the प्रथमा-एकवचनम् form is भवन् and for the latter the प्रथमा-एकवचनम् form is भवान्। That is due to 6-4-14 अत्वसन्तस्य चाधातोः which applies in the case of the latter when the सुँ affix which is not सम्बुद्धिः follows.
2. Which are the इत् letters in the डवतुँ-प्रत्यय:?
डकारः and उँकारः are the इत् letters. The डकारः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-7 चुटू and उँकारः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्। After the अनुबन्ध-लोपः only अवत् remains.
3. To which धातु: do we add the डवतुँ-प्रत्यय: to get the प्रातिपदिकम् “भवत्” used in this example?
डवतुँ-प्रत्यय: is added to the धातु: “भा” (listed as “भा दीप्तौ” in the धातु-पाठ:)। This धातु: is part of the अदादि-गण: (second conjugation).
4. Why didn’t the सूत्रम् 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः apply in this example in spite of the fact that here “भवत्” is a सर्वनाम-शब्द: that is listed after “त्यद्” in the सर्वादि-गण: (ref. 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि)?
त्यादादिगण: comes under the सर्वादिगण:। It starts with the word “त्यद्” and goes till the word “द्वि”। So it includes only 8 words त्यद्, तद्, यद्, एतद्, इदम्, अदस्, एक, द्वि।
“भवत्” is not included in the above list hence 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः does not apply in this example.
5. Where is the सर्वनाम-शब्द: “भवत्” used in the गीता in chapter ten?
भवान् (प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) used in chapter ten verse 12.
अर्जुन उवाच |
परं ब्रह्म परं धाम पवित्रं परमं भवान् |
पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यमादिदेवमजं विभुम् || 10-12||
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“When did you (sir) go to the temple?” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “गतवत्” to express the past tense of “go” and use the अव्ययम् “कदा” for “when.”
भवान् मन्दिरम् कदा गतवान् = भवान् मन्दिरं कदा गतवान् ।
7. Please list the four synonyms of the word “जगत्” (प्रातिपदिकम् “जगत्” neuter, meaning “universe”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
अथो जगती लोको विष्टपं भुवनं जगत् ।।२-१-६।।
(इति पञ्च “लोकस्य” नामानि)
1 जगती (प्रातिपदिकम् “जगती” feminine)
2 लोक: (प्रातिपदिकम् “लोक” masculine)
3 विष्टपम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “विष्टप” neuter)
4 भुवनम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “भुवन” neuter)
8. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in this verse?
7-3-102 सुपि च is used in क्षेमाय and भवाय।
क्षेम + ङे
= क्षेम + य (7-1-13 ङेर्यः , following a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in an अकार:, the affix ङे is replaced by य)
= क्षेमाय (7-3-102 सुपि च , the ending अकार: of a प्रातिपदिकम् is elongated if it is followed by a सुँप् affix beginning with a letter of the यञ्-प्रत्याहार:)
Similarly in भव + ङे = भवाय।
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of अवतीर्णाविहांशेन and mention the relevant rules.
अवतीर्णौ + इह + अंशेन।
= अवतीर्णाविह + अंशेन (6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः)
= अवतीर्णाविहांशेन (6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः)
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the form “विश्वस्य”?
7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः is used to replace the ङस्-प्रत्यय: by “स्य” in the word विश्वस्य।