Today we will look at the form भिषक्-mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 6-1-8
तस्मात्पुरैवाश्विह पापनिष्कृतौ यतेत मृत्योरविपद्यताऽऽत्मना।
दोषस्य दृष्ट्वा गुरुलाघवं यथा भिषक् चिकित्सेत रुजां निदानवित् ।।६-१-८।।
Gita Press translation “Therefore, with a body not (yet) incapacitated (for penance), one should take prompt measures here, even before death, for the atonement of one’s sins, after weighing the gravity and lightness of the crime, just as a physician who knows the cause of maladies would adopt prompt remedies before it is too late, duly considering the seriousness or mildness of a complaint.”
‘भिषज्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्। The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भिषज्’।
(1) भिषज् + सुँ ।
(2) भिषज् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) भिषज् । सकार-लोपः by 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। Using 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम् भिषज् gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्।
(4) भिषग् । By 8-2-30 चोः कुः, the पदान्त-जकारः gets the क-वर्गः consonant as a replacement.
(5) भिषग् / भिषक् । By 8-4-56 वाऽवसाने, the झल् letter is optionally replaced by a चर् letter when nothing follows.
Questions:
1. The क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: (reference 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले) has been used in दृष्ट्वा। The समान-कर्ता in the first line will be जन: (a person) – this has to be supplied. In the second line, in the उपमा, the समान-कर्ता is भिषक्। Which is the उत्तरवर्तिनी क्रिया (the later action – by the same doer) in each of the two cases?
2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“A good son should strive in the service of his father.” Use a verb from the verse for “should strive.”
3. Please state the one synonym for the word निदानम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “निदान” neuter, meaning “main cause”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
निदानं त्वादिकारणम् ।।१-४-२८।।
(इति द्वे “मुख्यकारणस्य” नाम्नी)
4. Consider the word निष्कृतौ (= निस् + कृतौ) used in this verse. How did the ending सकार: of “निस्” (which is an अव्ययम् and has पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्) end up as a षकार:? We have not covered this सूत्रम् so far. Can you try to find it in the अष्टाध्यायी? (We can expect to find it below 8-3-37 कुप्वोः ≍क≍पौ च which is the सूत्रम् that should have otherwise applied in this case.)
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च been used in this verse?
6. Where has the ङस्-प्रत्यय: been used?
7. Which word in the verse translates to “prompt”? Where has this word been used in the गीता?
8. 8-2-30 चोः कुः applies when a letter of the च-वर्ग: –
a) Is at the end of a पदम्
b) Has a झल् letter following
c) Is at the end of a पदम् or has a झल् letter following
d) Is at the end of a पदम् and has a झल् letter following
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् is used to get पुरा + एव = पुरैव ?
2. Which one for आशु + इह = आश्विह ?
Questions:
1. The क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: (reference 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले) has been used in दृष्ट्वा। The समान-कर्ता in the first line will be जन: (a person) – this has to be supplied. In the second line, in the उपमा, the समान-कर्ता is भिषक्। Which is the उत्तरवर्तिनी क्रिया (the later action – by the same doer) in each of the two cases?
Answer:
In the first case the later action is यतेत (GitaPress “should take measures” )
जनः दोषस्य गुरुलाघवं दृष्ट्वा पापनिष्कृतौ यतेत।
In the second case the latter action is चिकित्सेत (GitaPress “would adopt remedies”)
भिषक् रुजां गुरुलाघवं दृष्ट्वा चिकित्सेत।
2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“A good son should strive in the service of his father.” Use a verb from the verse for “should strive.”
Answer: सुपुत्रः स्वस्य पितुः सेवायाम् यतेत = सुपुत्रः स्वस्य पितुः सेवायां यतेत ।
3. Please state the one synonym for the word निदानम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “निदान” neuter, meaning “main cause”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
निदानं त्वादिकारणम् ।।१-४-२८।।
(इति द्वे “मुख्यकारणस्य” नाम्नी)
Answer: आदिकारणम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “आदिकारण” neuter)
4. Consider the word निष्कृतौ (= निस् + कृतौ) used in this verse. How did the ending सकार: of “निस्” (which is an अव्ययम् and has पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्) end up as a षकार:? We have not covered this सूत्रम् so far. Can you try to find it in the अष्टाध्यायी? (We can expect to find it below 8-3-37 कुप्वोः ≍क≍पौ च which is the सूत्रम् that should have otherwise applied in this case.)
Answer: By 8-3-41 इदुदुपधस्य चाप्रत्ययस्य। A विसर्गः, which is not part of a प्रत्यय:, is replaced by षकारः if it is preceded by an इकारः or उकारः and is followed by a consonant belonging to क-वर्गः or प-वर्गः (the अनुवृत्तिः of कुप्वोः comes in from 8-3-37)।
Here in this example we have a विसर्गः which came in place of the सकार: of “निस्” and hence it is not part of a प्रत्यय:। It is preceded by इकारः and the followed by a letter of the क-वर्ग: (ककारः)। Hence the षकारादेश: was done by 8-3-41.
Note: In examples such as हरि: करोति। गुरु: पश्यति। etc. we cannot use 8-3-41 because here the विसर्ग: belongs to the सुँ-प्रत्यय:।
5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च been used in this verse?
Answer: In मृत्योः (प्रातिपदिकम् “मृत्यु”, पञ्चमी-एकवचनम्, “मृत्यु” gets घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि)
मृत्यु + ङसिँ (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…) = मृत्यो + ङसिँ (7-3-111 घेर्ङिति) = मृत्यो + अस् (1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः) = मृत्योस् (6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च) = मृत्योः (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः)
6. Where has the ङस्-प्रत्यय: been used?
Answer: In दोषस्य, प्रातिपदिकम् “दोष”, षष्ठी-एकवचनम्।
दोष + ङस् (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…) = दोषस्य (7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः)।
7. Which word in the verse translates to “prompt”? Where has this word been used in the गीता?
Answer: आशु।
गीता 2-65
प्रसादे सर्वदु:खानां हानिरस्योपजायते ।
प्रसन्नचेतसो ह्याशु बुद्धि: पर्यवतिष्ठते ।। 2-65 ।।
8. 8-2-30 चोः कुः applies when a letter of the च-वर्ग: –
a) Is at the end of a पदम्
b) Has a झल् letter following
c) Is at the end of a पदम् or has a झल् letter following
d) Is at the end of a पदम् and has a झल् letter following
Answer: c) Is at the end of a पदम् or has a झल् letter following.
Examples: वाक् (= वाच् + सुँ) – at the end of a पदम्। “मुक्त” (= “मुच् + त”) – has a झल् letter following, but not at the end of a पदम्। On the other hand in मुच्यते the चकार: is neither at the end of a पदम् nor followed by a झल् letter, so it doesn’t take the कवर्गादेश:।
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् is used to get पुरा + एव = पुरैव ?
Answer: 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि ।
2. Which one for आशु + इह = आश्विह ?
Answer: 6-1-77 इको यणचि ।