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एषः mNs

Today we will look at the form एषः from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् ।

एवमुक्तस्तु रामेण विश्वामित्रोऽब्रवीदिदम् |
एष पन्था मयोद्दिष्टो येन यान्ति महर्षयः || १-३५-५||

Gita Press translation “Questioned thus by Śrī Rāma, Viśwāmitra indeed replied as follows:- “Here is the ford (already) pointed out by me, through which the great Ṛṣis (over there) are wading.”

‘एतद्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम् and सर्वनाम-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि । The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एतद्’

(1) एतद् + सुँ । Note: The affix ‘सुँ’ has the विभक्ति-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-104 विभक्तिश्च। This allows 7-2-102 to apply in the next step.

(2) एत अ + सुँ । By 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः – The ending letter (see 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य) of the pronouns, starting with ‘त्यद्’ and ending with ‘द्वि’, is replaced by ‘अ’ when followed by a विभक्ति: affix.

(3) एत + सुँ । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे the अकारः at the end of ‘एत’ and the following अकारादेशः is replaced by ‘अ'(पररूपम्) as एकादेशः ।

(4) एत् अ + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(5) ए स् अ + स् । By 7-2-106 तदोः सः सावनन्त्ययोः – When the affix ‘सुँ’ follows, the तकारः or दकारः belonging to any pronoun (सर्वनाम-शब्द:) starting with ‘त्यद्’ and ending with ‘द्वि’, gets सकारः as a replacement as long as the तकारः or दकारः does not occur at the end of the pronoun.

(6) एसः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः

(7) एषः । By 8-3-59 आदेशप्रत्यययोः, the letter ‘स्’ is replaced by the cerebral ‘ष्’ ।

Questions:

1. Which noun in the verse has समानाधिकरणम् with एष:?

2. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-3-109 जसि च used in this verse?

3. Where has the “अस्मद्” प्रातिपदिकम् been used in this verse?

4. Please list the synonyms for the word पन्था: (प्रतिपदिकम् “पथिन्” masculine, meaning “path”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
We have already seen these in a prior example. Search this web site for “पन्था:”

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“People mostly don’t go by this path.” Use a verb from the verse and use “प्रायेण” for “mostly.”

6. In which verse of the गीता has “एष:” been used twice?

7. Match the columns:
i. एवम्
ii. रामेण
iii. मया
iv. येन

a) through which
b) thus
c) by Śrī Rāma
d) by me

8. Can you recall a सूत्रम् (that we have studied) which is an अपवाद: for 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः ?

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् was used to get मया + उद्दिष्ट: = मयोद्दिष्ट: ?

2. Where is the सूत्रम् 8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम् used in this verse?


2 Comments

  1. Questions:
    1. Which noun in the verse has समानाधिकरणम् with एष:?
    पन्थाः (“पथिन्” प्रातिपदिकम्; प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) – meaning “path, ford” – is the noun referred to by the pronoun एष:।
    एषः means “this.” It has been translated by Gita Press as “Here is.”

    2. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-3-109 जसि च used in this verse?
    It is used in the form महर्षयः (“महर्षि” प्रातिपदिकम्; प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्)
    महर्षि + जस् (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…)
    = महर्षि + अस् (1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः, 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
    = महर्षे + अस् ( 7-3-109 जसि च )
    = महर्षय् + अस् ( 6-1-78 एचोऽयवायावः )
    = महर्षयः (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः)

    3. Where has the “अस्मद्” प्रातिपदिकम् been used in this verse?
    मया (“अस्मद्” प्रातिपदिकम्; तृतीया-एकवचनम्)

    4. Please list the synonyms for the word पन्था: (प्रतिपदिकम् “पथिन्” masculine, meaning “path”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
    We have already seen these in a prior example. Search this web site for “पन्था:”

    There are 12 synonyms of मार्ग:/पन्था: as given in अमरकोश:।
    1. अयनम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “अयन”, neuter)
    2. वर्त्म (प्रातिपदिकम् “वर्त्मन्”, neuter)
    3. अध्वा (प्रातिपदिकम् “अध्वन्”, masculine)
    4. पदवी (प्रातिपदिकम् “पदवी”, feminine)
    5. सृतिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “सृति”, feminine)
    6. सरणिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “सरणि”, feminine)
    7. पद्धतिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “पद्धति”, feminine)
    8. पद्या (प्रातिपदिकम् “पद्या”, feminine)
    9. वर्तनी (प्रातिपदिकम् “वर्तनी”, feminine)
    10. एकपदी (प्रातिपदिकम् “एकपदी”, feminine)

    5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “People mostly don’t go by this path.” Use a verb from the verse and use “प्रायेण” for “mostly.”
    जनाः प्रायेण एतेन मार्गेण (पथा) न यान्ति = जनाः प्रायेणैतेन मार्गेण (पथा) न यान्ति।

    6. In which verse of the गीता has “एष:” been used twice?
    Chapter 3 verse 37
    काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुणसमुद्भवः |
    महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम् || 3-37||

    7. Match the columns:
    i. एवम्
    ii. रामेण
    iii. मया
    iv. येन
    a) through which
    b) thus
    c) by Śrī Rāma
    d) by me

    i. एवम् b) thus
    ii. रामेण c) by Śrī Rāma
    iii. मया d) by me
    iv. येन a) through which

    8. Can you recall a सूत्रम् (that we have studied) which is an अपवाद: for 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः ?
    7-2-108 इदमो मः is an अपवाद: for 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः।

    Easy questions:
    1. Which सूत्रम् was used to get मया + उद्दिष्ट: = मयोद्दिष्ट: ?
    6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

    2. Where is the सूत्रम् 8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम् used in this verse?
    Between पन्था: and मया
    {पथिन् + सुँ (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…)
    = पथिन् + स् (1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
    = पथि आ + स् (7-1-85 पथिमथ्यृभुक्षामात्)
    = पथ आ + स् (7-1-86 इतोऽत् सर्वनामस्थाने)
    = पन्थ आ + स् (7-1-87 थो न्थः)
    = पन्थास् (6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः)}
    Now the सन्धि-कार्यम्।
    पन्थास् + मया = पन्थारुँ + मया (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः)
    = पन्थाय् + मया (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि)
    = पन्था मया (8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम्)

  2. Questions:

    1. Which noun in the verse has समानाधिकरणम् with एष:?
    Answer: पन्था:।

    2. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-3-109 जसि च used in this verse?
    Answer: In महर्षयः।

    3. Where has the “अस्मद्” प्रातिपदिकम् been used in this verse?
    Answer: मया (मयोद्दिष्टः -> मया + उद्दिष्टः) – “by me”, तृतीया-एकवचनम्।

    4. Please list the synonyms for the word पन्था: (प्रतिपदिकम् “पथिन्” masculine, meaning “path”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
    We have already seen these in a prior example. Search this web site for “पन्था:”
    Answer:
    अयनं वर्त्म मार्गाध्वपन्थानः पदवी सृतिः।
    सरणिः पद्धतिः पद्या वर्तन्येकपदीति च ।।२-१-१५।।
    The other synonyms of मार्ग:/पन्था: are –
    अयनम्, वर्त्म – neuter
    अध्वा – masculine
    पदवी, सृतिः, सरणिः, पद्धतिः, पद्या, वर्तनी, एकपदी – feminine

    5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “People mostly don’t go by this path.” Use a verb from the verse and use “प्रायेण” for “mostly.”
    Answer: प्रयेण जनाः एतेन पथा न यान्ति = प्रयेण जना एतेन पथा न यान्ति।

    6. In which verse of the गीता has “एष:” been used twice?
    Answer: काम एष क्रोध एष रजोगुणसमुद्भवः |
    महाशनो महापाप्मा विद्ध्येनमिह वैरिणम् || 3-37||

    7. Match the columns:
    i. एवम् – b) thus
    ii. रामेण – c) by Śrī Rāma
    iii. मया – d) by me
    iv. येन – a) through which

    Easy questions:

    1. Which सूत्रम् was used to get मया + उद्दिष्ट: = मयोद्दिष्ट: ?
    Answer: 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

    2. Where is the सूत्रम् 8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम् used in this verse?
    Between पन्था मया।
    The पदच्छेदः is पन्थाः, मया।
    पन्थास् + मया = पन्थारुँ + मया (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः)
    = पन्थाय् + मया (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि)
    = पन्था मया (8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम् – When a हल् letter follows then in the opinion of all teachers the letter य् at the end of a पदम् drops, when it is preceded by the letter अ (long or short.))

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