Today we will look at the form गाम्-fAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-23-59.
श्रीभगवानुवाच
निर्विद्य नष्टद्रविणे गतक्लमः प्रव्रज्य गां पर्यटमान इत्थम् ।
निराकृतोऽसद्भिरपि स्वधर्मादकम्पितोऽमूं मुनिराह गाथाम् ।। ११-२३-५९ ।।
Gita Press translation “The glorious Lord went on: Getting disgusted with the pleasures of sense and leaving his home and wandering over the earth, the ascetic – whose depression of spirits was gone even though he had lost his fortune, and who did not budge from his righteous course of conduct though ill-treated as aforesaid by the wicked – chanted the foregoing song.”
‘गो’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्। The विवक्षा here is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् “गो” ।
(1) गो + अम् ।
(2) गाम् । By 6-1-93 औतोऽम्शसोः, आकारः shall be the single substitute in the place of an ओकारः and the following अकारः of affixes अम् and शस्।
Questions:
1. Where is the word “गाम्” found in the गीता?
2. Please do पदच्छेद: of the सूत्रम् 6-1-93 औतोऽम्शसोः and indicate the विभक्ति:/वचनम् of each term.
3. Derive the form “अमूम्” (स्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) from the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “अदस्”।
4. Which terms from the प्रादिगण: (reference 1-4-58 प्रादयः) have been used in this verse?
5. Which of these (answer to question 4) have the उपसर्ग-सञ्ज्ञा? (reference 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे)
6. Why did we not consider the सूत्रम् 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः in this example?
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This (is) an appropriate example.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “उचित” for “appropriate.”
8. Please state the one synonym for the word “क्लम:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “क्लम” masculine, meaning “fatigue”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
क्लमथः क्लमे ॥३-२-१०॥
(इति द्वे “ग्लाने:” नामनी)
Easy questions:
1. Derive the form “स्वधर्मात्” (पञ्चमी-एकवचनम्) from the प्रातिपदिकम् “स्वधर्म” (declined like राम-शब्द:)।
2. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा (reference 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि)?
1. Where is the word “गाम्” found in the गीता?
Answer: गामाविश्य च भूतानि धारयाम्यहमोजसा ।
पुष्णामि चौषधी: सर्वा: सोमो भूत्वा रसात्मक: ।।15-13।।
गामाविश्य = गाम् + आविश्य।
2. Please do पदच्छेद: of the सूत्रम् 6-1-93 औतोऽम्शसोः and indicate the विभक्ति:/वचनम् of each term.
Answer: The पदच्छेदः is आ, ओतः, अम्शसोः।
आ – प्रथमा-एकवचनम्, प्रातिपदिकम् “आ”। (The सुँ-प्रत्यय: has irregularly taken the लुक् elision here.)
ओतः – पञ्चमी-एकवचनम् of प्रातिपदिकम् “ओत्”।
अम्शसोः – षष्ठी-द्विवचनम्, प्रातिपदिकम् “अम्शस्”।
Also, we have अनुवृत्तिः of अचि (सप्तमी-एकवचनम् of अच्) and of the अधिकार-सूत्रम् 6-1-84 एकः पूर्वपरयोः।
3. Derive the form “अमूम्” (स्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) from the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “अदस्”।
Answer: अदस् + अम् (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…)
= अद अ + अम् (By 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः, the ending letter (see 1-1-52) of the pronouns, starting with “त्यद्” and ending with “द्वि”, is replaced by “अ” when followed by a विभक्ति: affix.)
= अद + अम् (6-1-97 अतो गुणे)
= अद टाप् + अम् (By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्, the प्रातिपदिकानि “अज” etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in अकारः get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.)
= अद आ + अम् (1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The ending मकार: of the अम्-प्रत्यय: is prevented from getting the इत-सज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः)
= अदा + अम् (6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः)
= अदाम् (By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः, in place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix अम् there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.)
= अमूम् (By 8-2-80 अदसोऽसेर्दादु दो मः, there is a substitution of उकार:/ऊकार: in place of the letter (vowel) following the दकार: of “अदस्” and the दकार: gets substituted by मकार:। This rule does not apply when there is a सकार: at the end of “अदस्”। In the present case, since the आकार: (दीर्घ:) is being substituted, the appropriate substitute is the ऊकार: (दीर्घ:))
4. Which terms from the प्रादिगण: (reference 1-4-58 प्रादयः) have been used in this verse?
Answer: निर् (निर्विद्य), प्र (प्रव्रज्य), परि (पर्यटमान:), निर्, आङ् (निराकृतः), अपि belong to the प्रादि-गणः listed under 1-4-58 प्रादयः।
5. Which of these (answer to question 4) have the उपसर्ग-सञ्ज्ञा? (reference 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे)
Answer: All of them except अपि।
6. Why did we not consider the सूत्रम् 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः in this example?
Answer: By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः, in place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix अम् there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter. Here we have ओकारः preceding, which is not an अक् letter. Therefore 6-1-107 does not apply.
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This (is) an appropriate example.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “उचित” for “appropriate.”
Answer: इदम् उचितम् उदाहरणम्। = इदमुचितमुदाहरणम्।
8. Please state the one synonym for the word “क्लम:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “क्लम” masculine, meaning “fatigue”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
क्लमथः क्लमे ॥३-२-१०॥
(इति द्वे “ग्लाने:” नामनी)
Answer: क्लमथः (प्रातिपदिकम् “क्लमथ” masculine)
Easy questions:
1. Derive the form “स्वधर्मात्” (पञ्चमी-एकवचनम्) from the प्रातिपदिकम् “स्वधर्म” (declined like राम-शब्द:)।
Answer: 1) स्वधर्म + ङसिँ 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा …….
2) स्वधर्म + आत् by 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः।
3) स्वधर्मात् by 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।
2. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा (reference 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि)?
Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् “मुनि” used in मुनिः (प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि।