Today we will look at the form उशन्ति 3Ap-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb12-8-46.

तस्मात्तवेह भगवन्नथ तावकानां शुक्लां तनुं स्वदयितां कुशला भजन्ति ।
यत्सात्वताः पुरुषरूपमुशन्ति सत्त्वं लोको यतोऽभयमुतात्मसुखं न चान्यत् ।। १२-८-४६ ।।

Note: As per श्रीधरस्वामी, the meaning of उशन्ति in this verse is मन्यन्ते।

Gita Press translation “Therefore, on realizing this truth, O Lord, men of wisdom in this world worship Your manifestation in the form of Lord Nārāyaṇa, (which is made up of Sattva unmixed with Rajas and Tamas and) which is (so) dear to (the heart of) Your devotees; for the followers of the Pañcarātra school recognize Sattva (alone) and no other Guṇa to be the manifestation of the Supreme Person and through Sattva (alone) is attained (by them) the Lord’s realm as well as (the state of) fearlessness and the bliss of Self-Realization.”

उशन्ति is derived from the धातुः √वश् (वशँ कान्तौ, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. ७५)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

The ending अकारः (which is an इत्) of “वशँ” has a उदात्त-स्वरः। Thus the √वश्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √वश्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default.
Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “झि”।

(1) वश् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) वश् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) वश् + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः। “झि” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) वश् + शप् + झि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(5) वश् + झि । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

(6) वश् + अन्ति । By 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः,“अन्त्” comes in as a replacement for the झकारः of a प्रत्यय:।

(7) उ अ श् + अन्ति । By 6-1-16 ग्रहिज्यावयिव्यधिवष्टिविचतिवृश्चतिपृच्छतिभृज्जतीनां ङिति च – The verbal roots √ग्रह (ग्रहँ उपादाने ९. ७१), √ज्या (ज्या वयोहानौ ९. ३४), √वय् (वयँ गतौ १. ५४७), √व्यध् (व्यधँ ताडने ४. ७८), √वश् (वशँ कान्तौ २. ७५), √व्यच् (व्यचँ व्याजीकरणे ६. १३), √व्रश्च् (ओँव्रश्चूँ छेदने ६. १२), √प्रच्छ् (प्रच्छँ ज्ञीप्सायाम् ६.१४९) and √भ्रस्ज् (भ्रस्जँ पाके ६. ४) take सम्प्रसारणम् (ref. 1-1-45) when followed by an affix which is a कित् or a ङित्।
“अन्ति” is not a पित् and therefore it is ङिद्वत् by 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्।

(8) उशन्ति । By 6-1-108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च, when a सम्प्रसारणम् is followed by a अच् (vowel), there is a single replacement (in place of both the सम्प्रसारणम् and the following अच्) of the prior letter (the सम्प्रसारणम्)।

Questions:

1. Where has 6-1-16 ग्रहिज्यावयिव्यधिवष्टिविचतिवृश्चतिपृच्छतिभृज्जतीनां ङिति च been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in Chapter Six of the गीता?

2. Which अव्ययम् in the verse has been translated to “in this world”?

3. Can you spot a “अदड्”-आदेश: in the verse?

4. In which सूत्रम् (that we have studied) does पाणिनि: mention the term “सम्प्रसारण” twice?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I long only for happiness and nothing else.” Use √वश् (वशँ कान्तौ, धातु-पाठः #२. ७५) for “to long for.” Take some words from the verse for “and nothing else.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Let us try to find the answer to this question.” Use the अव्ययम् “लब्धुम्” for “to find” and the verbal root √यत् (यतीँ प्रयत्ने १. ३०) for “to try.”

Easy question:

1. Where has 8-3-32 ङमो ह्रस्वादचि ङमुण्नित्यम् been used in the verse?

2. Where else (besides in उशन्ति) has लँट् been used?