Today we will look at the form पन्थानम्-mAs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 6-5-21.
इति व्यवसिता राजन्हर्यश्वा एकचेतसः ।
प्रययुस्तं परिक्रम्य पन्थानमनिवर्तनम् ।। ६-५-२१ ।।
Gita Press translation “Thus resolved, O king (Parīkṣit), the Haryaśwas, who were (all) of one mind, went round the sage (from left to right, as a mark of respect) and took to the path (leading to God-Realization) which does not bring one back to the mortal plane.”
‘पथिन्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्। The विवक्षा here is द्वितीया-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पथिन्’ ।
(1) पथिन् + अम् । ‘अम्’ is a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix by 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending मकारः of अम् from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।
(2) पथ् अन् + अम् । By 7-1-86 इतोऽत् सर्वनामस्थाने, the इकारः of पथिन्, मथिन् and ऋभुक्षिन् gets अकारः as replacement when they are followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.
(3) पन्थ् अन् + अम् । By 7-1-87 थो न्थः, the थकारः of पथिन् and मथिन् gets न्थ् as replacement when they are followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.
(4) पन्थानम् । By 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ, the penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् (base) ending in a नकार: gets elongated if it is followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.
Questions:
1. Can you spot a word in the verse which gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः?
2. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “पथिन्” used in Chapter 6 of the गीता?
3. Which term from the चादि-गण: (ref. 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे) has been used in the verse?
4. The पदच्छेद: of the सूत्रम् 7-1-87 थो न्थः is थ:, न्थ:। So there are two letters “अ” in the सूत्रम्। The first one is in “थ:” and the second in “न्थ:”। Which one of these is उच्चारणार्थम् (for the sake of pronunciation only)?
a) The first one is उच्चारणार्थम्, the second one is not.
b) The second one is उच्चारणार्थम्, the first one is not.
c) Both are उच्चारणार्थम्।
d) Neither is उच्चारणार्थम्।
5. The सुँट्-प्रत्याहार: (used in the सूत्रम् 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य) is a subset of the सुँप्-प्रत्याहार:। Can you recall another प्रत्याहार: (which पाणिनि: has used) that is also a subset of the सुँप्-प्रत्याहार:?
6. Which प्रातिपदिकम् from the सर्वादि-गण: (ref. 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि) has been used in this verse?
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“We have resolved to read the Gita everyday.” Use a word from the verse for “have resolved”, use the अव्ययम् “पठितुम्” for “to read” and the अव्ययम् “प्रतिदिनम्” for “everyday.”
8. The अमरकोश: gives eleven synonyms for the word पन्था: (प्रतिपदिकम् “पथिन्” masculine, meaning “path.”) We have seen these in prior examples. Which of the following is NOT a synonym of पन्था:?
a) वर्तनी
b) पद्धतिः
c) अटवी
d) सरणिः
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य been used in the verse?
2. Why didn’t the ending नकार: of (हे) राजन् drop by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य?
Questions:
1. Can you spot a word in the verse which gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by the सूत्रम् 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः?
Answer: परिक्रम्य।
According to the सूत्रम् 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः words ending in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्। The word परिक्रम्य ends in ल्यप्-प्रत्यय:। As a general rule, an आदेश: (substitute) inherits the properties of the term (स्थानी) which it replaced – ref. 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। Here the ल्यप्-आदेश: will inherit the property (अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा) from the replaced item (क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:)। Hence परिक्रम्य gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा।
2. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “पथिन्” used in Chapter 6 of the गीता?
Answer: पथि, प्रातिपदिकम् “पथिन्”, सप्तमी एकवचनम्।
कच्चिन्नोभयविभ्रष्टश्छिन्नाभ्रमिव नश्यति |
अप्रतिष्ठो महाबाहो विमूढो ब्रह्मणः पथि || 6-38||
The विवक्षा here is सप्तमी-एकवचनम्।
पथिन् + ङि (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…)
= पथिन् + इ (अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। ‘पथिन्’ gets भ-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-18 यचि भम् )
= पथि (The टि-भागः of पथिन् which has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, takes लोपः by 7-1-88 भस्य टेर्लोपः। )
3. Which term from the चादि-गण: (ref. 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे) has been used in the verse?
Answer: “इति” from the चादि-गण: has been used in the verse. Even though इति is not explicitly listed in the चादि-गण:, it is considered to be included there because चादि-गण: is an आकृति-गण:।
4. The पदच्छेद: of the सूत्रम् 7-1-87 थो न्थः is थ:, न्थ:। So there are two letters “अ” in the सूत्रम्। The first one is in “थ:” and the second in “न्थ:”। Which one of these is उच्चारणार्थम् (for the sake of pronunciation only)?
a) The first one is उच्चारणार्थम्, the second one is not.
b) The second one is उच्चारणार्थम्, the first one is not.
c) Both are उच्चारणार्थम्।
d) Neither is उच्चारणार्थम्।
Answer: b) The second one is उच्चारणार्थम्, the first one is not.
In commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-1-87 थो न्थः the तत्त्वबोधिनी-टीका says “स्थान्यादेशौ द्वावप्यनच्कौ।” The पदच्छेद: of this statement is स्थान्यादेशौ द्वौ अपि अनच्कौ। The meaning is that in the सूत्रम् 7-1-87 थो न्थः the स्थानी (the term being replaced) as well as the आदेश: (the substitute) are both without an अच्। So the स्थानी is just थकार: and the आदेश: is न्थ्। In the सूत्रम् the term “थ:” is षष्ठी-एकवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् “थ्” and the term “न्थ:” is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् “न्थ”। The अकार: at the end of the प्रातिपदिकम् “न्थ” is only for the sake of pronunciation – उच्चारणार्थ:। So “न्थ” refers to only “न्थ्”।
5. The सुँट्-प्रत्याहार: (used in the सूत्रम् 1-1-43 सुडनपुंसकस्य) is a subset of the सुँप्-प्रत्याहार:। Can you recall another प्रत्याहार: (which पाणिनि: has used) that is also a subset of the सुँप्-प्रत्याहार:?
Answer: पाणिनि: also uses the आप्-प्रत्याहार: (which is a subset of the सुँप्-प्रत्याहारः) in the सूत्रम् 7-2-112 अनाप्यकः।
In the commentary on the सूत्रम् 7-2-112 अनाप्यकः, the तत्त्वबोधिनी-टीका makes the following comment “आबिति प्रत्याहारो न तु टाप्। विभक्ताविति विशेषणात्।”. Here in the सूत्रम् 7-2-112 अनाप्यकः, आपि should be taken as referring to the आप्-प्रत्याहार:, as qualifying the term विभक्तौ (the term विभक्तौ comes in as अनुवृत्तिः from 7-2-84 अष्टन आ विभक्तौ into 7-2-112. विभक्तौ (सप्तमी) means when विभक्तिः follows). आप्-प्रत्याहार: is a subset of सुँप्-प्रत्याहारः and it should not be taken to refer to the स्त्री-प्रत्यय: (feminine affix) टाप् (reference: 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्) । Since टाप् does not have विभक्ति-सञ्ज्ञा, it cannot qualify विभक्तौ।
6. Which प्रातिपदिकम् from the सर्वादि-गण: (ref. 1-1-27 सर्वादीनि सर्वनामानि) has been used in this verse?
Answer: तम्, प्रातिपदिकम् “तद्”, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“We have resolved to read the Gita everyday.” Use a word from the verse for “have resolved”, use the अव्ययम् “पठितुम्” for “to read” and the अव्ययम् “प्रतिदिनम्” for “everyday.”
Answer: वयम् गीताम् प्रतिदिनम् पठितुम् व्यवसिताः। = वयं गीतां प्रतिदिनं पठितुं व्यवसिताः।
8. The अमरकोश: gives eleven synonyms for the word पन्था: (प्रतिपदिकम् “पथिन्” masculine, meaning “path.”) We have seen these in prior examples. Which of the following is NOT a synonym of पन्था:?
a) वर्तनी
b) पद्धतिः
c) अटवी
d) सरणिः
Answer: : c) अटवी (a forest) is not a synonym of पन्था:।
अयनं वर्त्म मार्गाध्वपन्थानः पदवी सृतिः।
सरणिः पद्धतिः पद्या वर्तन्येकपदीति च ।।२-१-१५।।
(इति द्वादश “मार्गस्य” नामानि)
Easy questions
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य been used in the verse?
Answer: 8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य has been used in सन्धि-कार्यम् between हर्यश्वाः and एकचेतसः।
हर्यश्वास् + एकचेतसः
हर्यश्वारुँ + एकचेतसः (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः)
हर्यश्वार् + एकचेतसः (1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
हर्यश्वाय् + एकचेतसः (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि)
हर्यश्वा + एकचेतसः (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य। After this 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि cannot apply because of 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्।)
2. Why didn’t the ending नकार: of (हे) राजन् drop by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य?
Answer: नकारलोपः of 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य is stopped by 8-2-8 न ङिसम्बुद्ध्योः। नकारः does not take लोपः, when “ङि” or the सम्बुद्धिः affix follows. Here सम्बुद्धिः affix follows.