Today we will look at the form पञ्चभिः from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् ।

ततस्ताराद्युतिस्तारो हरिर्भीमपराक्रम: |
पञ्चभिर्हरिकोटीभिर्दूरतः पर्यदृश्यत || ४-३९-३१ ||

GitaPress translation “Then came to view from a distance the monkey, Tāra of terrible prowess, who possessed the brilliance of a star, followed by five crores of monkeys.”

‘पञ्चन्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्। The विवक्षा here is तृतीया-बहुवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पञ्चन्’ ।

(1) पञ्चन् + भिस् । पञ्चन् has पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनमस्थाने। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकारः of भिस् from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा ।

(2) पञ्च + भिस् । The ending letter न् of पञ्चन् (which has पद-सञ्ज्ञा and प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा) is dropped by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य।
See question 1.

(3) पञ्चभिः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Why didn’t 7-1-9 अतो भिस ऐस् apply after step 2?

2. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “पञ्चन्” used in the गीता?

3. Can you think of an English word that (most likely) comes from the प्रातिपदिकम् “पञ्चन्”?

4. Of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: which ones can be used with the प्रातिपदिकम् “पञ्चन्”?

5. Which of the following statements is true regarding the प्रातिपदिकम् “पञ्चन्”?
a) It is always used in the feminine gender – regardless of whether it is qualifying a noun in another gender.
b) It is an अव्ययम्।
c) It can be used in all three genders but the forms are the same regardless of the gender.
d) Just like the प्रातिपदिकम् “त्रि” or “चतुर्” it can be used in all three genders and the forms are different in each gender.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Five days of the New Year have gone by.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “गत” for “have gone by.”

7. Please list the five synonyms for the word “तारा” (प्रातिपदिकम् “तारा” feminine, meaning “star”) as given in the अमर-कोश:।
नक्षत्रमृक्षं भं तारा तारकाऽप्युडु वा स्त्रियाम् ।।१-३-२१।।
(इति षट् “नक्षत्रसामान्यस्य” नामानि)

8. In which पाद: of the अष्टाध्यायी do we find most of the rules required for अच्-सन्धि: ?

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् was used to get परि + अदृश्यत = पर्यदृश्यत ?

2. Can you spot a place in the verse where the सूत्रम् 8-3-34 विसर्जनीयस्य सः has been used?