Today we will look at the form ऊचुः 3Ap-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.29.31

श्रीगोप्य ऊचुः
मैवं विभोऽर्हति भवान्गदितुं नृशंसं सन्त्यज्य सर्वविषयांस्तव पादमूलम् ।
भक्ता भजस्व दुरवग्रह मा त्यजास्मान् देवो यथादिपुरुषो भजते मुमुक्षून् ।। १०-२९-३१ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
नृशंसं क्रूरम् । हे दुरवग्रह स्वछन्द, तव पादमूलं भक्ताः सेवितवतीरस्मान्भजस्व मा त्यजेति ।

Gita Press translation – The Gopīs said : “You ought not to speak so cruelly to us. Kindly take in Your service us, that have sought the soles of Your feet renouncing all (other) objects, (even) as Lord Nārāyaṇa (the most ancient Person) accepts (the worship of) those that seek Liberation. (Pray,) do not abandon us, O Lord who are (so) hard to win over!”

ऊचुः is derived from the धातुः √वच् (अदादि-गणः, वचँ परिभाषणे, धातु-पाठः # २. ५८)

In the धातु-पाठः, the धातुः √वच् has one इत् letter – the अकार: following the चकार:। This इत् letter has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Thus the धातुः √वच् is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the वच्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So वच्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “झि”।

(1) वच् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) वच् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) वच् + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “झि” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) वच् + उस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.
1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकार: of “उस्” from getting the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा। As per 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्, the “उस्”-प्रत्यय: is कित्।

(5) उ अ च् + उस् । By 6-1-15 वचिस्वपियजादीनां किति, the verbal roots √वच् (वचँ परिभाषणे २. ५८), √स्वप् (ञिष्वपँ शये २. ६३) and also the nine verbal roots beginning with √यज् (यजँ देवपूजासङ्गतिकरणदानेषु १. ११५७) take सम्प्रसारणम् (ref. 1-1-45) when followed by an affix which is a कित्।
Note: 6-1-15 applies before 6-1-8 as per the following परिभाषा – “सम्प्रसारणं तदाश्रितं च कार्यं बलवत्” – A सम्प्रसारणम् (ref. 1-1-45) operation, as well as an operation (6-1-108) which is dependent on it, possesses greater force (takes precedence over other operations which are simultaneously applicable.)

(6) उच् + उस् । By 6-1-108 सम्प्रसारणाच्च, when a सम्प्रसारणम् is followed by a अच् (vowel), there is a single replacement (in place of both the सम्प्रसारणम् and the following अच्) of the prior letter (the सम्प्रसारणम्)।

(7) उच् उच् + उस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य , when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(8) उ उच् + उस् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(9) ऊचुस् । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः। See question 5.

(10) ऊचुः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।

Questions:

1. In the first verse of which chapter of the गीता has √वच् (अदादि-गणः, वचँ परिभाषणे, धातु-पाठः # २. ५८) been used with लिँट्?

2. Which सूत्रम् has been used for the “व”-आदेश: in भजस्व?

3. In the verse, can you spot a word in which the “हि”-प्रत्यय: has taken the लुक् elision?

4. Where has 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ been used for the first time in the verse? Where has it been used for the last time?

5. Why didn’t 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ apply (instead of 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः) in step 9? (Which condition was not satisfied?)

6. With the help of some words from the verse, construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
All the cowherds said to Sri Krishna – “O Lord, you ought to protect us.”
Use the अव्ययम् “रक्षितुम्” for “to protect.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has 8-3-7 नश्छव्यप्रशान् been used in the verse?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for मा + एवम् = मैवम्? Which one for विभो + अर्हति = विभोऽर्हति? Which one for the नकारादेश: in मुमुक्षून् (प्रातिपदिकम् “मुमुक्षु”, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-बहुवचनम्)?