Today we will look at the form प्रययौ 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.75.39

स व्रीडितोऽवग्वदनो रुषा ज्वलन्निष्क्रम्य तूष्णीं प्रययौ गजाह्वयम् ।
हाहेति शब्दः सुमहानभूत्सतामजातशत्रुर्विमना इवाभवत् ।
बभूव तूष्णीं भगवान्भुवो भरं समुज्जिहीर्षुर्भ्रमति स्म यद्दृशा ।। १०-७५-३९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
भुवो भरं भारं जिहीर्षुरिति । अद्य सम्पादितेन कलहबीजेन कुरूणां संहारं करिष्यामीति मत्वेति । किंच यस्य दृशा दृष्टिमात्रेण दुर्योधनो भ्रमति स्म भ्रान्तिं प्राप । मयमाया तु निमित्तमात्रम् । स भूभारहरणबीजं दुर्योधनस्य भ्रमं भीमादिहास्येन च तस्य पराभवं विधाय तूष्णीमासीदित्यर्थः ।

Gita Press translation “Duryodhana was abashed at this discomfiture. Burning with rage, and with his face cast down, he silently left the Hall and immediately departed for Hastināpura. The incident raised a cry of dismay from all good people and Yudhiṣṭhira felt perturbed over as it were. Bhagavān Śrī Kṛṣṇa, however, kept quiet over the incident, intent as He was upon relieving the burden of the earth. In fact, it was His enchanting look which threw Duryodhana into confusion and brought about the incident.”

ययौ is derived from the धातुः √या (या प्रापणे, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः २. ४४)

In the धातु-पाठः, the √या-धातुः has no इत् letters. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √या-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √या-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “तिप्”।

(1) या + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) या + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) या + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तिप्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा here. This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) या + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.

(5) या + औ । By 7-1-34 आत औ णलः, the “णल्”-प्रत्यय: is substituted by a औकार:, when it follows a धातु: that ends in a आकार:।

(6) या या + औ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case वृद्धि: by 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case “औ”) that is the cause for reduplication.
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 8 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

(7) य या + औ । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(8) ययौ । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

“प्र” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।)
प्र + ययौ = प्रययौ।

Questions:

1. The सूत्रम् 7-1-34 आत औ णलः (used in step 5 of the example) is used only once in the गीता (Chapter One.) Can you find the word in which it is used?

2. What would be an alternate form for भ्रमति (लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुष:, एकवचनम्) used in the verse? (Note: भ्रमति may be derived from either भ्रमुँ चलने १. ९८५ or भ्रमुँ अनवस्थाने ४. १०२).
i. भ्राम्यति
ii. भ्रम्यति
iii. Either भ्राम्यति or भ्रम्यति
iv. Neither भ्राम्यति nor भ्रम्यति

3. Where has लँङ् been used in the verse?

4. Where has लँङ् been used in the commentary?

5. Can you spot a “णल्”-प्रत्यय: in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Having killed Ravana, Sri Rama returned to Ayodhya, along with Sita and Lakshmana.” Use the अव्ययम् “हत्वा” for “having killed” and use (a लिँट् form) of √या (या प्रापणे, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः २. ४४) with the उपसर्ग: “प्रति” for “to return.”

Easy questions:

1. In the verse, can you spot two words in which the टा-प्रत्यय: has been used?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the उपधा-दीर्घ: (elongation of the penultimate letter) in the form सुमहान्? Which one in भगवान्?