Today we will look at the form जज्वलुः 3Ap-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb7.3.5

चुक्षुभुर्नद्युदन्वन्तः सद्वीपाद्रिश्चचाल भूः।
निपेतुः सग्रहास्तारा जज्वलुश्च दिशो दश ।। ७-३-५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका – द्वीपैरद्रिभिश्च सहिता भूश्चलिता।

Gita Press translation “The rivers and the oceans swelled; the earth with its (seven) main divisions and mountains shook; stars and planets shot out (from their respective positions) and (all) ten directions flamed forth.”

जज्वलुः is derived from the धातुः √ज्वल् (भ्वादि-गणः, ज्वलँ दीप्तौ धातु-पाठः #१.९६५)

In the धातु-पाठः, the √ज्वल्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the लकार:। This इत् letter has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Thus the √ज्वल्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √ज्वल्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √ज्वल्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “झि”।

(1) ज्वल् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) ज्वल् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) ज्वल् + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “झि” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा।

(4) ज्वल् + उस् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively. See easy question 2.

(5) ज्वल् ज्वल् + उस् । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य , when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(7) ज ज्वल् + उस् । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(8) जज्वलुः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ – 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः ।

Questions:

1. The word भूः used in the verse is the प्रथमा-एकवचनम् of the स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “भू”। Where is this प्रातिपदिकम् used in Chapter Eighteen of the गीता?

2. The word दिश: used in the verse is प्रथमा-बहुवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् “दिश्”। In which सूत्रम् (which we have studied) does पाणिनि: specifically mention the प्रातिपदिकम् “दिश्”?

3. Where has 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the verse?

4. Can you spot a “णल्”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“By his own luster, Lord Vamana shone like fire.” Use the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् (pronoun) “स्व” for “his own”, use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “तेजस्” for “luster” and use (a लिँट् form of) √ज्वल् (भ्वादि-गणः, ज्वलँ दीप्तौ धातु-पाठः #१.९६५) for “to shine.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“For the protection of the world, Lord Siva drank the poison.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “रक्षण” for “to protect” and (a लिँट् form of) √पा (पा पाने १. १०७४) for “to drink.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the लुक् elision of the “जस्”-प्रत्यय: in the form दश (प्रातिपदिकम् “दशन्”, प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्)?

2. Why doesn’t the ending सकार: of the “उस्”-प्रत्यय: get the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् (and take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)?