Today we will look at the form रुरोध 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.70.29

तन्नो भवान्प्रणतशोकहराङ्घ्रियुग्मो बद्धान्वियुङ्क्ष्व मगधाह्वयकर्मपाशात् ।
यो भूभुजोऽयुतमतङ्गजवीर्यमेको बिभ्रद्रुरोध भवने मृगराडिवावीः ।। १०-७०-२९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
त्वन्मायाकृतं कर्मबन्धं त्वमेव निवर्तयेति प्रार्थयन्ते – तन्न इति । वियुङ्क्ष्व मोचय । मगधो जरासन्धस्तत्संज्ञकात्कर्मपाशात् भवद्भिरेव विक्रम्य ततो निर्गम्यतामिति चेदत आहुः – य इति । एक एवायुतमतंगजानां वीर्यं बिभ्रत्सन्स्वभवने भूभुजोऽस्मान् रुरोध । सिंहो मेषीरिव ।।

Gita Press translation “O Lord, Your feet remove the grief of those who fall at them. Therefore, kindly release us, who are bound with the rope of Karma in the form of Jarāsandha. Possessing the strength of ten thousand elephants himself he has imprisoned us kings in his palace even as the lion would round up (a flock of) sheep.”

रुरोध is derived from the धातुः √रुध् (रुधादि-गणः, रुधिँर् आवरणे, धातु-पाठः # ७. १)

By the वार्तिकम् – इर इत्सञ्ज्ञा वाच्या, “इर्” of “रुधिँर्” gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा । The इकारः of “इर्” has a स्वरित-स्वर: here. Therefore, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the √रुध्-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the √रुध्-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as √रुध् will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, √रुध्-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is तिप्।

(1) रुध् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) रुध् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) रुध् + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तिप्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा।

(4) रुध् + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.

(5) रुध् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) रुध् रुध् + अ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(7) रु रुध् + अ । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(8) रुरोध । By 7-3-86 पुगन्‍तलघूपधस्‍य च, when a अङ्गम् is followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्ययः, then its इक्-letter takes गुण-आदेशः in the following two cases: i) The अङ्गम् ends in a पुक्-आगमः
or ii) The penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् has the लघु-सञ्ज्ञा।

Questions:

1. Where has 7-3-86 पुगन्‍तलघूपधस्‍य च (used in the last step of this example) been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the last five verses of Chapter Twelve of the गीता?

2. Can you spot a “श्नम्”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

3. In the commentary, can you spot two words wherein the हि-प्रत्यय: has taken the लुक् elision?

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the “आम्”-आदेश: in the form निर्गम्यताम् in the commentary?

5. Where has 3-4-84 ब्रुवः पञ्चानामादित आहो ब्रुवः been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Ravana confined Sita in a grove of Asoka trees.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “उपवन” for “grove” and the (compound) masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “अशोकवृक्ष” for “Asoka tree.”

Easy questions:

1. In the verse, can you spot a word in which a षकारादेश: (letter “ष्” as a substitute) has been used?

2. Where has 7-1-78 नाभ्यस्ताच्छतुः been applied in the verse?