Today we will look at the form बिभेति 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 3-33-17.

नानुतिष्ठति कार्याणि भयेषु न बिभेति च |
क्षिप्रं राज्याच्च्युतो दीनस्तृणैस्तुल्यो भवेदिह || ३-३३-१७ ||

Gita Press translation “A king who does not perform his duties and is not apprehensive (even) in the face of dangers is soon deprived of his kingdom and reduced to a wretched condition, and becomes of no more worth than straw in this world.”

बिभेति is derived from the धातुः √भी (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, ञिभी भये, धातु-पाठः #३. २)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

The “ञि” at the beginning of “ञिभी” gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

The √भी-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √भी-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भी-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “तिप्”।

(1) भी + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) भी + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भी + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “तिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) भी + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) भी + शप् + ति । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(6) भी + ति । By 2-4-75 जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः, the “शप्”-प्रत्यय: following the verbal roots “हु” etc. gets “श्लु” (elision).

(7) भी + भी + ति । By 6-1-10 श्लौ, a verbal root when followed by “श्लु” gets reduplicated.

(8) भि + भी + ति । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(9) भिभेति । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकाऽर्धधातुकयोः , an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

(10) बिभेति । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

Questions:

1. Where has 6-1-10 श्लौ been used in Chapter 4 of the गीता?

2. Among the nine items in the conjugation table of √भी (ञिभी भये, धातु-पाठः #३. २) with लँट्, in which form does 6-4-82 एरनेकाचोऽसंयोगपूर्वस्य apply?

3. Which धातु: and लकार: has been in the form (अनु)तिष्ठति?

4. Can you spot a “इय्”-आदेश: in the verse?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am not afraid even of death.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “मरण” for “death”. Use पञ्चमी विभक्ति: with “मरण”।

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am only afraid of infamy.” Use the feminine (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “अकीर्ति” for “infamy”. (ref. गीता 2-34.) Use पञ्चमी विभक्ति: with “अकीर्ति”।

Easy questions:

1. Where has 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः been used in the verse?

2. Can you spot a “शि”-आदेश: in the verse?