Today we will look at the form भजस्व 2As-लोँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb4-8-22.
तमेव वत्साश्रय भृत्यवत्सलं मुमुक्षुभिर्मृग्यपदाब्जपद्धतिम् ।
अनन्यभावे निजधर्मभाविते मनस्यवस्थाप्य भजस्व पूरुषम् ।। ४-८-२२ ।।
Gita Press translation “Take refuge, my child, in Him alone, who is so fond of His devotees and access to whose lotus-feet is sought after by men keen to get liberated; and, imprinting His image on your mind, purified by devotion to your duty and exclusively attached to Him, adore the Supreme Person.”
भजस्व is derived from the धातुः √भज् (भ्वादि-गणः, भजँ सेवायाम्, धातु-पाठः #१.११५३ )
The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
In the धातु-पाठः, the भज्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the अकार: following the जकार:। This इत् letter has a स्वरित-स्वर:। Therefore, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the भज्-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the भज्-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as “भज्” will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, भज्-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय:।
Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “थास्”।
(1) भज् + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च , the affix लोँट् comes after a धातुः when used in the sense of command/request.
(2) भज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) भज् + थास् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “थास्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “थास्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।
(4) भज् + से । By 3-4-80 थासस्से, the थास्-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets “से” as the replacement. “से” also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ। See easy question 1.
(5) भज् + स्व । By 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ, the एकारः of लोँट् which follows a सकारः or वकारः is replaced by “व” and “अम्” respectively.
(6) भज् + शप् + स्व । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(7) भजस्व । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Questions:
1. Where is भजस्व used in the गीता?
2. We have studied another सूत्रम् (besides 3-4-80 थासस्से) which only applies when the लकार: has टकार: as an इत्। Which one is it?
3. 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम्?
4. Where has 6-4-105 अतो हेः been used in the verse?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Worship Him alone, by whom all this universe has been pervaded.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “व्याप्त” for “pervaded.”
Advanced question:
1. In the commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-4-80 थासस्से, the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी/तत्त्वबोधिनी says – एकारोच्चारणं ज्ञापनार्थं, तङादेशानां टेरेत्वं नेति। Please explain.
Easy question:
1. In step 4, why didn’t “से” replace only the ending letter (सकार:) of “थास्” as per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य?
2. Where has 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः been used in the verse?
1. Where is भजस्व used in the गीता?
Answer: किं पुनर्ब्राह्मणाः पुण्या भक्ता राजर्षयस्तथा ।
अनित्यमसुखं लोकमिमं प्राप्य भजस्व माम् ॥ 9-33 ॥
2. We have studied another सूत्रम् (besides 3-4-80 थासस्से) which only applies when the लकार: has टकार: as an इत्। Which one is it?
Answer: 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे – The टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.
3. 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम्?
Answer: 3-4-90 आमेतः।
According to 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ the एकारः of लोँट् which follows a सकारः or वकारः is replaced by “व” and “अम्” respectively (instead of “आम्” prescribed by 3-4-90 आमेतः।)
4. Where has 6-4-105 अतो हेः been used in the verse?
Answer: आश्रय (in वत्साश्रय = वत्स + आश्रय by 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः ) – धातुः √श्रि (श्रिञ् सेवायाम् १. १०४४), आङ्-उपसर्गः, लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
By 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the श्रि-धातुः is उभयपदी। Here it has take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययः।
श्रि + लोँट् 3-3-162 = श्रि + ल् 1-3-2, 1-3-3 = श्रि + सिप् 1-4-101, 1-4-102, 1-4-105, सिप् gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113
= श्रि + हि 3-4-87, हि also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56
= श्रि + शप् + हि 3-1-68, शप् which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 = श्रे + शप् + हि 7-3-84
= श्रे + अ + हि 1-3-3, 1-3-8 = श्रयहि 6-1-78
= श्रय 6-4-105 – There is an elision of the affix हि when it follows an अङ्गम् ending in a अकार:।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Worship Him alone, by whom all this universe has been pervaded.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “व्याप्त” for “pervaded.”
Answer: येन सर्वम् इदम् विश्वम् व्याप्तम् तम् एव भजस्व। = येन सर्वमिदं विश्वं व्याप्तं तमेव भजस्व।
Advanced question:
1. In the commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-4-80 थासस्से, the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी/तत्त्वबोधिनी says – एकारोच्चारणं ज्ञापनार्थं, तङादेशानां टेरेत्वं नेति। Please explain.
Answer: The question is – Why did पाणिनि: not simply prescribe “स” (instead of “से”) as the आदेश: for “थास्” in 3-4-80 थासस्से? Could we not have used 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे after applying 3-4-80? (3-4-79 would have changed “स” to “से”, so what was the need to prescribe “से” directly?)
In spite of being aware of 3-4-79, पाणिनि: has prescribed “से” as the आदेश: directly to give us the following indication (ज्ञापकम्) –
तङादेशानां टेरेत्वं न – Once a आदेश: is done in place of a तङ्-प्रत्यय: then following that we cannot use 3-4-79 on that आदेश:। (We will see situations later where this ज्ञापकम् will be useful.)
Easy question:
1. In step 4, why didn’t “से” replace only the ending letter (सकार:) of “थास्” as per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य?
Answer: By 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित् सर्वस्य a substitute (आदेश:) which is अनेकाल् (has more than one letter) or has श् as a marker, takes the place of the entire term which is in the sixth case (in the सूत्रम् which prescribes the substitution.) Here the आदेश: “से” is अनेकाल्, that’s why it replaces the entire term “थास्”।
2. Where has 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः been used in the verse?
Answer: This सूत्रम् has been used in form तम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “तद्”, पुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)
तद् + अम् (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…)
= त अ + अम् (7-2-102 त्यदादीनाम:)
= त + अम् (6-1-97 अतो गुणे )
= तम् (6-1-107 अमि पूर्व:)