Today we will look at the form अभाषत 3As-लँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb9-18-15.

एवं शपन्तीं शर्मिष्ठा गुरुपुत्रीमभाषत ।
रुषा श्वसन्त्युरङ्गीव धर्षिता दष्टदच्छदा ।। ९-१८-१५ ।।

Gita Press translation “Hissing like a female serpent and biting her lips in anger, the ill-treated Śarmiṣṭhā spoke (as follows) to the perceptor’s daughter, who was thus abusing her.”

अभाषत is derived from the धातुः √भाष् (भाषँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ६९६)

The विवक्षा is लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

In the धातु-पाठः, the धातुः √भाष् has one इत् letter – the अकार: following the षकार:। This इत् letter has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √भाष् will get आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भाष् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।

(1) भाष् + लँङ् । By 3-2-111 अनद्यतने लङ् , the affix लँङ् follows a धातुः when used in the sense of past not of today.

(2) भाष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भाष् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) भाष् + शप् + त । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।

(5) भाष् + अ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) अट् भाषत । by 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः – When followed by लुँङ्, लँङ् or लृँङ्, an अङ्गम् gets the अट्-आगमः which is उदात्तः। 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ places the अट्-आगमः before the अङ्गम् ।

(7) अभाषत । अनुबन्ध-लोपः is done by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Questions:

1. Where is अभाषत used in the गीता?

2. Which प्रत्याहार: is a subset of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार:?

3. Can you recall three other (besides “अट्”) आगमा: (that we have studied) which have टकार: as an इत्?

4. Looking at the form अभाषत, how can we tell that the लकार: that has been used does not have टकार: as an इत्?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Speak clearly.” Use स्पष्टम् as an adverb meaning “clearly.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is (exists) only one answer to this question.” Use √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “to exist.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the verse?

2. Where has the टा-प्रत्यय: (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) been used in the verse?