Home » 2011 » June » 15

Daily Archives: June 15, 2011

अभ्यनन्दत 2Ap-लँङ्

Today we will look at the form अभ्यनन्दत 2Ap-लँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 6-7-21.

श्रीब्रह्मोवाच
अहो बत सुरश्रेष्ठा ह्यभद्रं वः कृतं महत् ।
ब्रह्मिष्ठं ब्राह्मणं दान्तमैश्वर्यान्नाभ्यनन्दत ।। ६-७-२१ ।।

Gita Press translation “Brahmā said: Alas! your conduct has really been most unwelcome, O jewels among gods, in that, proud of power and pelf, you did not welcome a Brāhmaṇa who had not only disciplined his self but who had (also) realized (his identity with) Brahma (the Absolute)!

अनन्दत is derived from the धातुः √नद् (भ्वादि-गणः, टुनदिँ समृद्धौ, धातु-पाठः #१. ७०)

The विवक्षा is लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

The “टु” at the beginning of “टुनदिँ” gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः। The इकारः at the end gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् । Therefore this धातुः is an इदित्। Both the “टु” and the “इ” take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

न नुँम द् । By 7-1-58 इदितो नुम् धातोः, a धातुः which has इकारः as an इत् gets the नुँम्-आगमः। Note: The सूत्रम् 7-1-58 इदितो नुम् धातोः comes in the “6-4-1 अङ्गस्य ” अधिकार:, and would normally have to wait till an अङ्गम् is created (by adding a प्रत्यय:)। But the use of “धातोः” in 7-1-58 is taken as an indication that this rule is to be applied as soon as the धातु: is taken for use from the धातु-पाठ: – without waiting for any other operation.
As per 1-1-47 मिदचोऽन्त्यात्परः the नुँम्-आगमः attached itself after the last vowel (अकार:) of “नद्”।
= न न् द् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

The इत् letter (इकार:) of “टुनदिँ” has a उदात्त-स्वर:। Thus the √नन्द्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √नन्द्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √नन्द्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “थ”।

(1) नन्द् + लँङ् । By 3-2-111 अनद्यतने लङ् , the affix लँङ् follows a धातुः when used in the sense of past not of today.

(2) नन्द् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) नन्द् + थ । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “थ” as the substitute for the लकारः। “थ” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) नन्द् + त । The तिङ्-प्रत्ययाः तस्, थस्, थ and मिप् of a लकारः which is a ङित्, are replaced by ताम्, तम्, त and अम् respectively by 3-4-101 तस्थस्थमिपां तांतंतामः । The त-प्रत्यय: also gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ

(5) नन्द् + शप् + त । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(6) नन्द् + अ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(7) अट् नन्दत । by 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः – When followed by लुँङ्, लँङ् or लृँङ्, an अङ्गम् gets the अट्-आगमः which is उदात्तः। 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ places the अट्-आगमः before the अङ्गम् ।

(8) अनन्दत । अनुबन्ध-लोपः is done by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

Note: अभि + अनन्दत = अभ्यनन्दत। by 6-1-77 इको यणचि

Questions:

1. Can you find a तिङन्तं पदम् in the गीता where √नन्द् has been used with the उपसर्ग: “अभि”?

2. Among those verbal roots that are found to begin with a नकार: at the time of usage in the language, only eight are नोपदेशा: – begin with a नकार: in the धातुपाठ:। (All others are णोपदेशा: – begin with a णकार: in the धातुपाठ:।) One of them is √नन्द् – please list the remaining seven.

3. Which two अव्यये are combined in the translation as “Alas!”? Where is this same combination found in the गीता?

4. Can you spot a प्रातिपदिकम् in the verse which is उगित्?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Alas! A great offense has been committed by us.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “अपराध” for “offense” and the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “कृत” for “has been committed.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My mind is, as if, wandering.” Take the answer directly from Chapter One of the गीता।

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a ङसिँ-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-22 हलि सर्वेषाम् been used?

Recent Posts

Topics