Today we will look at the form अभाषत 3As-लँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb9-18-15.
एवं शपन्तीं शर्मिष्ठा गुरुपुत्रीमभाषत ।
रुषा श्वसन्त्युरङ्गीव धर्षिता दष्टदच्छदा ।। ९-१८-१५ ।।
Gita Press translation “Hissing like a female serpent and biting her lips in anger, the ill-treated Śarmiṣṭhā spoke (as follows) to the perceptor’s daughter, who was thus abusing her.”
अभाषत is derived from the धातुः √भाष् (भाषँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ६९६)
The विवक्षा is लँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
In the धातु-पाठः, the धातुः √भाष् has one इत् letter – the अकार: following the षकार:। This इत् letter has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √भाष् will get आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भाष् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।
(1) भाष् + लँङ् । By 3-2-111 अनद्यतने लङ् , the affix लँङ् follows a धातुः when used in the sense of past not of today.
(2) भाष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) भाष् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।
(4) भाष् + शप् + त । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(5) भाष् + अ + त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(6) अट् भाषत । by 6-4-71 लुङ्लङ्लृङ्क्ष्वडुदात्तः – When followed by लुँङ्, लँङ् or लृँङ्, an अङ्गम् gets the अट्-आगमः which is उदात्तः। 1-1-46 आद्यन्तौ टकितौ places the अट्-आगमः before the अङ्गम् ।
(7) अभाषत । अनुबन्ध-लोपः is done by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Questions:
1. Where is अभाषत used in the गीता?
2. Which प्रत्याहार: is a subset of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार:?
3. Can you recall three other (besides “अट्”) आगमा: (that we have studied) which have टकार: as an इत्?
4. Looking at the form अभाषत, how can we tell that the लकार: that has been used does not have टकार: as an इत्?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Speak clearly.” Use स्पष्टम् as an adverb meaning “clearly.”
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is (exists) only one answer to this question.” Use √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “to exist.”
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the verse?
2. Where has the टा-प्रत्यय: (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) been used in the verse?
1. Where is अभाषत used in the गीता?
Answer: ततः स विस्मयाविष्टो हृष्टरोमा धनञ्जयः ।
प्रणम्य शिरसा देवं कृताञ्जलिरभाषत ॥ 11-14 ॥
2. Which प्रत्याहार: is a subset of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहार:?
Answer: तङ्-प्रत्याहार: (त, आताम्, झ, थास्, आथाम्, ध्वम्, इट्, वहि, महिङ्)। This प्रत्याहार: is referred to in the सूत्रम् 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम् |
3. Can you recall three other (besides “अट्”) आगमा: (that we have studied) which have टकार: as an इत्?
Answer: धुँट् (ref. डः सि धुँट् 8-3-29), यासुट् (ref. यासुट् परस्मैपदेषूदात्तो ङिच्च 3-4-103), सीयुट् (ref. लिङस्सीयुट् 3-4-102)।
Also,
नुँट् (ref. ह्रस्वनद्यापो नुँट् 7-1-54), सुँट् (ref. आमि सर्वनाम्न: सुट् 7-1-52), स्याट् (सर्वनाम्नः स्याड्ढ्रस्वश्च 7-3-114), आट् (ref. आण्नद्याः 7-3-112, आडुत्तमस्य पिच्च 3-4-92, आडजादीनाम् 6-4-72).
4. Looking at the form अभाषत, how can we tell that the लकार: that has been used does not have टकार: as an इत्?
Answer: If it were a टित्-लकारः then by 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे there would be एकार-आदेशः for the टि-भागः of the त-प्रत्ययः। The प्रत्यय: would have changed to “ते”। The fact that this has not happened tells us that the लकार: that has been used in the form अभाषत does not have टकार: as an इत्।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Speak clearly.” Use स्पष्टम् as an adverb meaning “clearly.”
Answer: स्पष्टम् भाषस्व। = स्पष्टं भाषस्व।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is (exists) only one answer to this question.” Use √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “to exist.”
Answer: अस्य प्रश्नस्य एकम् एव उत्तरम् वर्तते। = अस्य प्रश्नस्यैकमेवोत्तरं वर्तते।
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot an अव्ययम् in the verse?
Answer: एवम् and इव। The both come under चादि-गणः (1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे)। They get the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा because 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे comes in the अधिकार: of 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः। Based on the निपात-सञ्ज्ञा, they get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्।
2. Where has the टा-प्रत्यय: (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) been used in the verse?
Answer: In रुषा, स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “रुष्”, तृतीया-एकवचनम्।