Today we will look at the form मरुताम्-mGp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb6-18-78
एवं ते सर्वमाख्यातं यन्मां त्वं परिपृच्छसि ।
मङ्गलं मरुतां जन्म किं भूयः कथयामि ते ।। ६-१८-७८ ।।
Gita Press translation “In this way I have told you all that you enquired of me, viz., the story of the auspicious birth of the Maruts. What more shall I speak to you about?”
‘मरुत्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is षष्ठी-विभक्तिः बहुवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘ मरुत्’।
(1) मरुत् + आम् ।
(2) मरुताम्
Questions:
1. Where is the word “मरुताम्” used in the गीता?
2. By which सूत्रम् does “एवम्” get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
3. Which five rules in the अष्टाध्यायी give the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
4. Which terms from the प्रादि-गण: (reference – 1-4-58 प्रादयः) have been used in this verse? Do they have the उपसर्ग-सञ्ज्ञा here?
5. In how many places has the युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिकम् been used? In each instance, please state if it is an optional form.
6. In this example, the अङ्गम् “ मरुत्” has:
a) पद-सञ्ज्ञा
b) भ-सञ्ज्ञा
c) Neither पद-सञ्ज्ञा nor भ-सञ्ज्ञा
d) Both पद-सञ्ज्ञा and भ-सञ्ज्ञा
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I shall tell you my opinion.” Use a verb from the verse and use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “मत” for “opinion.”
8. Please give the five synonyms of the word “जन्म” (प्रातिपदिकम् “जन्मन्” neuter, meaning “birth”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
जनुर्जननजन्मानि जनिरुत्पत्तिरुद्भवः ।।१-४-३०।।
(इति षट् “जननस्य” नामानि)
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of “यन्माम्” and mention the relevant rules.
2. Derive the form “जन्म” (प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) from the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “जन्मन्”।
1. Where is the word “मरुताम्” used in the गीता?
Answer:
आदित्यानामहं विष्णुर्ज्योतिषां रविरंशुमान् |
मरीचिर्मरुतामस्मि नक्षत्राणामहं शशी || 10-21||
2. By which सूत्रम् does “एवम्” get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
Answer: एवम् belongs to चादि-गणः referenced in 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे। It is a निपातः since it is listed in the अधिकार: of 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः । By 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम् it gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा।
3. Which five rules in the अष्टाध्यायी give the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?
Answer:
i) 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम्, the class of terms beginning with स्वर् (heaven) and the particles (निपाताः) are assigned the name अव्ययम् (indeclinable).
ii) 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः, The words ending in a तद्धित-प्रत्यय:, after which it is not possible to introduce all of the सुँप्-affixes, are also designated as indeclinables.
iii) 1-1-39 कृन्मेजन्तः, the words formed from कृत्-affixes ending in the मकारः or एच् are also designated as indeclinables.
iv) 1-1-40 क्त्वातोसुन्कसुनः, the words ending in the affixes क्त्वा, तोसुन् and कसुन्, are also designated as indeclinables.
v) 1-1-41 अव्ययीभावश्च, the compounds that are अव्ययीभाव-समासाः are also designated as indeclinables.
4. Which terms from the प्रादि-गण: (reference – 1-4-58 प्रादयः) have been used in this verse? Do they have the उपसर्ग-सञ्ज्ञा here?
Answer: आङ् (आख्यातम् ), परि (परिपृच्छसि)। Both of these get उपसर्ग-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे, since they are used in conjunction with a verb.
5. In how many places has the युष्मद्-प्रातिपदिकम् been used? In each instance, please state if it is an optional form.
Answer:
i) ते (occurs twice in the verse. Both are चतुर्थी-एकवचनम्)।
ते here is optional form of “तुभ्यम्” । By 8-1-22 तेमयावेकवचनस्य , the प्रातिपदिके युष्मद् and अस्मद् along with a singular affix of the fourth or sixth case, get ते and मे as replacements respectively when the following conditions are satisfied: 1. There is a पदम् in the same sentence preceding युष्मद्/अस्मद् and 2. युष्मद्/अस्मद् is not at the beginning of a metrical पाद:।
ii) त्वम् – प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
There is no optional form possible here.
6. In this example, the अङ्गम् “ मरुत्” has:
a) पद-सञ्ज्ञा
b) भ-सञ्ज्ञा
c) Neither पद-सञ्ज्ञा nor भ-सञ्ज्ञा
d) Both पद-सञ्ज्ञा and भ-सञ्ज्ञा
Answer: b) भ-सञ्ज्ञा (by 1-4-18 यचि भम्)।
7. How would you say this in Sanskrit? “I shall tell you my opinion.” Use a verb from the verse and use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “मत” for “opinion.”
Answer: अहम् मे मतम् कथयामि ते = अहं मे मतं कथयामि ते ।
8. Please give the five synonyms of the word “जन्म” (प्रातिपदिकम् “जन्मन्” neuter, meaning “birth”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
जनुर्जननजन्मानि जनिरुत्पत्तिरुद्भवः ।।१-४-३०।।
(इति षट् “जननस्य” नामानि)
Answer: The synonyms of the word जन्म are:
1. जनु: (प्रातिपदिकम् “जनुस्”, neuter)
2. जननम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “जनन”, neuter)
3. जनिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “जनि”, feminine)
4. उत्पत्तिः (प्रातिपदिकम् “उत्पत्ति”, feminine)
5. उद्भवः (प्रातिपदिकम् “उद्भव”, masculine)
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of “यन्माम्” and mention the relevant rules.
Answer: The पदच्छेद: is यत्, माम्।
यत् + माम् = यद् + माम् (8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते ) = यन्माम् (8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा)।
2. Derive the form “जन्म” (प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) from the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “जन्मन्”।
Answer:
जन्मन् + सुँ/अम् (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…)
= जन्मन् (7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्, The affixes सुँ and अम् that follow a neuter अङ्गम् take the लुक् elision. जन्मन् gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्, 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्)
= जन्म (8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य)