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Daily Archives: March 24, 2011

सम्यक् nAs

Today we will look at the form सम्यक्-nAs from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् ।

तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा सम्यक्सत्यं सुभाषितम् |
जानकी बहु मेनेऽथ वचनं चेदमब्रवीत् || ५-३९-१८||

Gita Press translation “Hearing the aforesaid reply of Hanuman, which was reasonable, truthful and beautifully worded, the daughter of Janaka held him in great estimation and proceeded to speak as follows.”

To get the form “सम्यक्”, we have to start with the धातु: “अन्च्” preceded by the उपसर्ग: “सम्” ।

By 3-2-59 ऋत्विग्दधृक्स्रग्दिगुष्णिगञ्चुयुजिक्रुञ्चां च, “सम् अन्च्” gets the क्विन्-प्रत्यय:। क्विन् takes सर्वापहारलोपः। The ककार: and नकार: are removed using 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् along with 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। The इकारः in the क्विन्-प्रत्यय: is उच्चारणार्थः। The single letter वकार: that remains gets अपृक्त-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-41 अपृक्त एकाल् प्रत्ययः। By 6-1-67 वेरपृक्तस्य, this वकार: which is अपृक्तः takes लोपः।

Now, since क्विन् is a कित्-प्रत्ययः, 6-4-24 अनिदितां हल उपधायाः क्ङिति applies. The meaning of 6-4-24 is – the penultimate नकारः of bases that end in a consonant and that do not have इकारः as a marker, takes लोपः when followed by an affix that has ककारः or ङकारः as a marker. Thus the उपधा-नकारः of अन्च् takes लोपः to give “सम् अच्”।

By 6-3-93 समः समि, सम् gets समि as its replacement when it is followed by the verb अन्चुँ that ends in a affix having a वकार:, to give the form “समि अच्”।

The क्विन्-प्रत्यय: has the कृत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-1-93 कृदतिङ् । By 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्, even though the क्विन्-प्रत्ययः has taken लोपः, “समि अच्” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च and hence it will take the affixes सुँ, औ, जस् etc. mandated by 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…। The विवक्षा here is नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्

(1) समि अच् + अम् ।

(2) समि अच् । By 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌, the affixes सुँ and अम् that follow a neuter अङ्गम् take the लुक् elision.

(3) सम्यच् । यणादेशः by 6-1-77 इको यणचि। सम्यच् has the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम् and 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्

(4) सम्यक् । By 8-2-30 चोः कुः, the consonants of the च-वर्ग: (च्, छ्, ज्, झ्, ञ्) get the consonants of the क-वर्ग: (क्, ख्, ग्, घ्, ङ्) as a replacement when they occur at the end of a पदम् or when they are followed by a झल् letter.

(5) सम्यग् । By 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, when a झल् letter occurs at the end of a पदम् it is replaced by a जश् letter.

(6) सम्यक्/सम्यग् । By 8-4-56 वाऽवसाने, a झल् letter is optionally replaced by a चर् letter when nothing follows.

Questions:

1. What would have been the final form in the example, if the gender had been masculine?

2. Which noun is being qualified by the adjective सम्यक्?

3. Where has the form सम्यक् been used in the गीता? (It has been used as an adverb – hence declined नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)।

4. Which सूत्रम् could have been used between steps 5 and 6? (It won’t change the form.)

5. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:| (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले)। In this verse the word “श्रुत्वा” ends in the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:। Who is the समानकर्ता/समानकर्त्री and which is his/her later action?

6. Where else (besides in the form “सम्यक्”) has the सूत्रम् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌ been used in the verse?

7. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“This (is) the seventh question. The eighth question (is) the last.” Use the adjective “चरम” for “last.”

8. Please list the eleven synonyms of the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “बहु” (meaning “abundant/great”) as given in the अमरकोश:।
प्रभूतं प्रचुरं प्राज्यमदभ्रं बहुलं बहु ।
पुरुहं पुरु भूयिष्ठं स्फिरं भूयश्च भूरि च ।।३-१-६३।।
(इति द्वादश “अनल्पस्य” नामानि)

Note: Some editions of the अमरकोश: have “स्फारम्” instead of “स्फिरम्”।

Easy questions:

1. Derive the form “तस्य” (पुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) from the प्रातिपदिकम् “तद्” (सर्वनाम-शब्द:)। (Use 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः and 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः।)

2. Which सूत्रम् has been used to get च + इदम् = चेदम् ?

3. Can you spot where the सूत्रम् 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति has been used in the verse?

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