Today we will look at the form अम्ब from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 7-2-20
हिरण्यकशिपुरुवाच।
अम्बाम्ब हे वधूः पुत्रा वीरं मार्हथ शोचितुम् ।
रिपोरभिमुखे श्लाघ्यः शूराणां वध ईप्सितः ।। ७-२-२० ।।
Gita Press translation “Hiraṇyakaśipu said: Mother, O mother, sister-in-law and sons! You ought not to lament the hero (Hiraṇyākṣa). The death of the brave in front of their enemy is praiseworthy and (as such) coveted (by them). ”
‘अम्बा’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is सम्बोधनम् एकवचनम्. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अम्बा’.
(1) अम्बा + सुँ । ‘सुँ’ gets सम्बुद्धि-सञ्ज्ञा by 2-3-49 एकवचनं संबुद्धिः।
(2) अम्ब + सुँ । By 7-3-107 अम्बाऽर्थनद्योर्ह्रस्वः, here the अङ्गम् ‘अम्बा’ , gets substituted by a ह्रस्व: अकार:, because सम्बुद्धि-प्रत्यय: (vocative singular) follows. By the परिभाषा-सूत्रम् 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य only the ending आकार: of ‘अम्बा’ gets replaced.
(3) अम्ब + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(4) अम्ब । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात् सम्बुद्धेः , the सकारः ( belonging to a सम्बुद्धि: affix) gets dropped, since it follows ह्रस्व: अकार:।
Questions:
1. The सम्बुद्धि-प्रत्यय: has also been used in हे वधूः। Is this form correct as per the rules of पाणिनि:? If not, please give the correct form.
2. The अमरकोश: gives eleven words that mean “woman.” One of them is “वधूः” – used in this verse. Please list the other ten.
स्त्री योषिदबला योषा नारी सीमन्तिनी वधूः।
प्रतीपदर्शिनी वामा वनिता महिला तथा ।।२-६-२।।
(इति एकादश “स्त्रीमात्रस्य” नामानि)
3. The अमरकोश: gives three words that mean “daughter-in-law.” One of them is “वधूः” . Please list the other two.
समाः स्नुषाजनीवध्वः। ।।२-६-९।।
(इति त्रीणि “पुत्रभार्याया:” नामानि)
4. Which is the other word (besides अम्ब and वधू:) used in the verse in the sense of सम्बोधनम् (address)?
5. Why was 6-1-87 आद्गुणः not applied between वध + ईप्सितः ?
6. In the बाल-रामायणम् (which we have been studying in the second session of the Saturday class) which verse had the word वधूः ?
7. In the महाभाष्यम् on 7-3-107 अम्बाऽर्थनद्योर्ह्रस्वः, पतञ्जलि: says “अम्बार्थं द्व्यक्षकरं यदि।” and gives the example (हे) अम्बिके। Please explain what this means.
8. Which two words in the verse have समानाधिकरणम् with वध: ?
9. How do you say this in Sanskrit – “Service to the Guru (is) praiseworthy”? Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “श्लाघ्य” from the example.
Also – “Service to (one’s) mother (is) praiseworthy.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “मातृ” for mother.
Easy questions:
1. Which word in the verse translates to “hero”?
2. Which of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: has been used in the form अभिमुखे ?
Questions:
1. The सम्बुद्धि-प्रत्यय: has also been used in हे वधूः। Is this form correct as per the rules of पाणिनि:? If not, please give the correct form.
हे वधूः is not the correct form as per the अष्टाध्यायी। It should be हे वधु।
The derivation is as follows:
वधू + सुँ (सुँ gets सम्बुद्धि-सञ्ज्ञा by 2-3-49 एकवचनं संबुद्धिः)
= वधु + सुँ (7-3-107 अम्बाऽर्थनद्योर्ह्रस्वः) = वधु + स् ( अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः)
= हे वधु (6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात् सम्बुद्धेः)
2. The अमरकोश: gives eleven words that mean “woman.” One of them is “वधूः” – used in this verse. Please list the other ten.
स्त्री योषिदबला योषा नारी सीमन्तिनी वधूः।
प्रतीपदर्शिनी वामा वनिता महिला तथा ।।२-६-२।।
(इति एकादश “स्त्रीमात्रस्य” नामानि)
The other ten (all feminine) are as follows:
स्त्री योषित् अबला योषा नारी सीमन्तिनी प्रतीपदर्शिनी वामा वनिता महिला ।
3. The अमरकोश: gives three words that mean “daughter-in-law.” One of them is “वधूः” . Please list the other two.
समाः स्नुषाजनीवध्वः। ।।२-६-९।।
(इति त्रीणि “पुत्रभार्याया:” नामानि)
The other two (both feminine) are as follows:
स्नुषा जनी ।
4. Which is the other word (besides अम्ब and वधू:) used in the verse in the sense of सम्बोधनम् (address)?
It is पुत्राः। – सम्बोधने प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।
प्रातिपदिकम् ‘पुत्र’.
5. Why was 6-1-87 आद्गुणः not applied between वध + ईप्सितः ?
The details of the सन्धि: are as follows:
वधस् + ईप्सितः
= वधरुँ + ईप्सितः (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुँ)
= वधय् + ईप्सितः (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि)
= वध + ईप्सितः (8-3-19 लोपः शाकलस्य)
Due to 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम् , the rule 6-1-87 cannot see any of the above operations that are performed by rules in the त्रिपादी section. 6-1-87 still only sees “वधस्” and hence it cannot apply.
6. In the बाल-रामायणम् (which we have been studying in the second session of the Saturday class) which verse had the word वधूः ?
जनकस्य कुले जाता देवमायेव निर्मिता ।
सर्वलक्षणसम्पन्ना नारीणामुत्तमा वधूः ।। १-१-२७ ।।
7. In the महाभाष्यम् on 7-3-107 अम्बाऽर्थनद्योर्ह्रस्वः, पतञ्जलि: says “अम्बार्थं द्व्यक्षकरं यदि।” and gives the example (हे) अम्बिके। Please explain what this means.
This means that the term “अम्बार्थम्” used in 7-3-107 it is restricted to those words (in the meaning of “अम्बा”) which have only two syllables (only two vowels) – “अम्बार्थं द्व्यक्षरं यदि।” For words like अम्बिका (which has three syllables), 7-3-107 doesn’t apply and प्रथमा-एकवचनम् सम्बोधने will be हे अम्बिके।
9. How do you say this in Sanskrit – “Service to the Guru (is) praiseworthy”? Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “श्लाघ्य” from the example.
गुरो: सेवा श्लाघ्या (अस्ति)।
Also – “Service to (one’s) mother (is) praiseworthy.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् “मातृ” for mother.
मातु: सेवा श्लाघ्या (अस्ति)।
Easy questions:
1. Which word in the verse translates to “hero”?
वीरम्
2. Which of the 21 सुँप्-प्रत्यया: has been used in the form अभिमुखे ?
ङि-प्रत्ययः (सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)
अभिमुख + ङि = अभिमुख + इ (1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते) = अभिमुखे (6-1-87 आद्गुणः)
1. No. As per the rules of पाणिनि:, the form would be हे वधु ।
2. As per the अमर-कोश:, the other ten words (besides वधू:) in the meaning of “woman” are as follows:
स्त्री योषित् अबला योषा नारी सीमन्तिनी प्रतीपदर्शिनी वामा वनिता महिला
All of these are feminine and the प्रातिपदिकम् is the same as above.
3. As per the अमर-कोश:, the other two words (besides वधू:) in the meaning of “daughter-in-law” are as follows:
स्नुषा जनी
Both of these are feminine and the प्रातिपदिकम् is the same as above.
4. हे पुत्रा: is the other सम्बोधनम्।
8. श्लाघ्य: and ईप्सित: have समानाधिकरणम् with वध:।
9. गुरो: सेवा श्लाघ्या ।
मातु: सेवा श्लाघ्या ।