Today we will look at the form एकः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.56.19.

हतं प्रसेनमश्वं च वीक्ष्य केसरिणा वने । तं चाद्रिपृष्ठे निहतमृक्षेण ददृशुर्जनाः ।। १०-५६-१८ ।।
ऋक्षराजबिलं भीममन्धेन तमसावृतम् । एको विवेश भगवानवस्थाप्य बहिः प्रजाः ।। १०-५६-१९ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
No commentary on these verses.

Gita Press translation – Discovering (first) Prasena as well as his horse killed in the forest by a lion, people further saw the lion (itself) killed on the mountain side by a bear (18). The Lord stationed the people outside and entered alone the fearful cave of Jāmbavān (the king of bears), covered with thick darkness (19).

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’ is derived from the verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०).

(1) इ + कन् । By the उणादि-सूत्रम् 3-43 इण्भीकापाशल्यतिमर्चिभ्य: कन् – The affix ‘कन्’ comes after the following verbal roots –
(i) √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०)
(ii) √भी (ञिभी भये ३. २)
(iii) √कै (कै शब्दे १. १०६४)
(iv) √पा (पा पाने १. १०७४)
(v) √शल् (शलँ चलनसंवरणयोः १. ५६३, शलँ गतौ १. ९७७)
(vi) √अत् (अतँ सातत्यगमने १. ३८)
(vii) √मर्च् (मर्चँ शब्दार्थः १०. १५१). Note: According to some grammarians √मर्च् is a सौत्र-धातु: (given in the सूत्र-पाठ: and not in the धातु-पाठ:)।

Note: By the सूत्रम् 3-4-75 ताभ्यामन्यत्रोणादयः – The affixes उण् etc may be used to denote a sense other than the dative or the ablative. Here the affix ‘कन्’ is used कर्तरि – to denote the agent of the action. एकः = one who goes (एति) alone.

(2) इ + क । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Please see question 2.

(3) ए + क । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः – An अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

= एक ।

‘एक’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।

(4) एक + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(5) एक + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) एकः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘एक’ been used in the first five verses of Chapter Three of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the affix कन् the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says बाहुलकान्न कस्येत्संज्ञा। Please explain.

3. Which उणादि-प्रत्यय: is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भीम’? (Search the following document for ‘भीम’ – http://avg-sanskrit.org/notes-for-saturday-class/उणादिप्रकरणम्/)

4. Can you spot the affix ‘ड’ in the verses?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The truth is only one but lies could be many.” Use the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अनृत’ in the neuter for ‘lie.’

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Hold the book with one hand and write with the other (hand.)”

Easy questions:

1. Where has the affix ‘णल्’ been used in the verses?

2. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I have only one car.” Paraphrase to “Only one car of mine exists.” Use the verbal root √वृत् (वृतुँ वर्तने १. ८६२) for “to exist.”