Today we will look at the form यावान् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् SB 6-1-45
येन यावान् यथा धर्मोऽधर्मो वेह समीहितः ।
स एव तत्फलं भुङ्क्ते तथा तावदमुत्र वै ।। ६-१-४५ ।।
Gita Press translation “He alone by whom a virtuous or sinful act was performed in this world reaps in the other world the fruit of it in the same manner and to the same extent it was actually done. “
‘यावत्’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च। The विवक्षा here is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘यावत्’।
(1) यावत् + सुँ । “यावत्” is a वतुँप्-प्रत्ययान्त-शब्दः। Thus it ends in “अतुँ”, and it is also उगित् (since the उकार: in वतुँप् is an इत्)।
(2) यावात् + सुँ । By 6-4-14 अत्वसन्तस्य चाधातोः, since the सुँ affix which is not सम्बुद्धिः follows, a base that ends in “अतुँ” has its penultimate letter elongated.
(3) यावा नुँम् त् + सुँ । By 7-1-70 उगिदचां सर्वनामस्थानेऽधातोः, a non-verbal base with an उक् (उ, ऋ, ऌ) as a marker takes the नुँम् augment when followed by a सर्वनामस्थानम् affix.
(4) यावान्त् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(5) यावान्त् । सकार-लोपः by 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। Using 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम् यावान्त् gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्।
(6) यावान् । By 8-2-23 संयोगान्तस्य लोपः, the संयोगान्तपदम् “यावान्त्” takes लोपः। As per 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य, only the ending letter (तकार:) of the पदम् will take लोपः।
Questions:
1. Where is the word “यावान्”used in the गीता (Chapter 2)?
2. “यावान्” is an adjective. Which noun(s) is it qualifying in this verse? (The noun(s) will also be declined पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)। Which noun is it qualifying in the गीता Chapter 2?
3. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-2-106 तदोः सः सावनन्त्ययोः used?
4. “तावत्” is also a वतुँप्-प्रत्ययान्त-शब्दः (just like “यावत्”)। In which लिङ्गम्/विभक्ति:/वचनम् is it used in this verse?
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“How many mangoes does your brother eat in one day?” Use a verb from the verse and use the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “आम्र-फल” for “mango.”
6. The अमरकोश: gives two words used in the sense of भवान्तरे (in the next world, in the life to come.) One of them is the अव्ययम् “अमुत्र” used in this verse. Which is the other one?
प्रेत्यामुत्र भवान्तरे ॥३-४-८॥
7. Where is this word (answer to #6) used in the गीता (Chapter 17)?
8. Which other सूत्रम् (which we have studied) besides 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् defines the पद-सञ्ज्ञा?
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् was used to give वा + इह = वेह?
2. Why didn’t 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि apply between स एव?
1. Where is the word “यावान्”used in the गीता (Chapter 2)?
“यावान्” comes in chapter 2 verse 46
यावानर्थ उदपाने सर्वतः सम्प्लुतोदके |
तावान्सर्वेषु वेदेषु ब्राह्मणस्य विजानतः || 2-46||
2. “यावान्” is an adjective. Which noun(s) is it qualifying in this verse? (The noun(s) will also be declined पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)। Which noun is it qualifying in the गीता Chapter 2?
“यावान्” in this example is qualifying two nouns धर्म: and अधर्म: declined पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम् also.
“यावान्” used in the गीता Chapter 2 verse 46 is qualifying the noun अर्थ: which is also declined पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
3. Where is the सूत्रम् 7-2-106 तदोः सः सावनन्त्ययोः used?
सूत्रम् 7-2-106 तदोः सः सावनन्त्ययोः is used in the derivation of सः (प्रातिपदिकम् “तद्”, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)
तद् + सुँ
त अ + स् (1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः)
त + स् (6-1-97 अतो गुणे )
सस् (7-2-106 तदोः सः सावनन्त्ययोः – When the affix सुँ follows, the तकारः or दकारः belonging to any pronoun (सर्वनाम-शब्द:) starting with “त्यद्” and ending with “द्वि”, gets सकारः as a replacement as long as the तकारः or दकारः does not occur at the end of the pronoun.)
स: (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः, 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः)
4. “तावत्” is also a वतुँप्-प्रत्ययान्त-शब्दः (just like “यावत्”)। In which लिङ्गम्/विभक्ति:/वचनम् is it used in this verse?
“तावत्” is used in नपुंसकलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।
5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“How many mangoes does your brother eat in one day?” Use a verb from the verse and use the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “आम्र-फल” for “mango.”
कियन्ति आम्रफलानि तव भ्राता एकस्मिन् दिने भुङ्क्ते = कियन्त्याम्रफलानि तव भ्रातैकस्मिन्दिने भुङ्क्ते ?
अथवा –
कति आम्रफलानि तव भ्राता एकस्मिन् दिने भुङ्क्ते = कत्याम्रफलानि तव भ्रातैकस्मिन्दिने भुङ्क्ते ?
6. The अमरकोश: gives two words used in the sense of भवान्तरे (in the next world, in the life to come.) One of them is the अव्ययम् “अमुत्र” used in this verse. Which is the other one?
प्रेत्यामुत्र भवान्तरे ॥३-४-८॥
the other one is the अव्ययम् “प्रेत्य”।
7. Where is this word (answer to #6) used in the गीता (Chapter 17)?
The word “प्रेत्य” has been used in the verse 28 of chapter 17.
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् |
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह || 17-28||
8. Which other सूत्रम् (which we have studied) besides 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् defines the पद-सञ्ज्ञा?
1-4-17 स्वादिष्वसर्वनमस्थाने also defines the पद-सञ्ज्ञा । Excluding the affixes that have the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा, when any of the other affixes from “सुँ” up to “कप्” follow, the base gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा। Note: From “सुँ” up to “कप्” means any प्रत्यय: prescribed from 4-1-2 up to the end of the 5th Chapter of the अष्टाध्यायी.
Easy questions:
1. Which सूत्रम् was used to give वा + इह = वेह?
6-1-87 आद्गुणः
2. Why didn’t 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि apply between स एव?
The पदच्छेदः is सः, एव।
The सन्धि-कार्यम् is as follows –
सस् + एव = सरुँ + एव (8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः) = स य् + एव (8-3-17 भोभगोअघोअपूर्वस्य योऽशि) = स एव (8-3-19 लोपः शाकल्यस्य)
Due to the rule 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्, this dropping of the letter य् which happens in the त्रिपादी section (the last three quarters of the अष्टाध्यायी) is not seen by the rule 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि which is in the सपादसप्ताध्यायी section (the first seven chapters and the first quarter of the eight chapter.) Hence 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि does not apply between स एव।
Note: 6-1-132 एतत्तदोः सुलोपोऽकोरनञ्समासे हलि does not apply here, since सस् is not followed by a हल्।