Today we will look at the form निशाचरचमूः from श्रीरामरक्षास्तोत्रम्।

रामो राजमणिः सदा विजयते रामं रमेशं भजे।
रामेणाभिहता निशाचरचमू रामाय तस्मै नमः ।। ३७-first half

“Srī Rāma, who is a jewel among kings, is always victorious. I worship Srī Rāma, the consort of Lakshmī. I bow to that Rāma, by whom the rākṣasa army was annihilated.”

‘निशाचरचमू’ gets प्रातिपदिकसंज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च. The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप् mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् “निशाचरचमू”.

(1) निशाचरचमू + सुँ ।

(2) निशाचरचमू + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।.

(3) निशाचरचमूः । Applying रुँत्व-विसर्गौ 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. The प्रथमा-एकवचनम् of an ईकारान्त-स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् like “नदी” is नदी – no विसर्ग: at the end. On the other hand the प्रथमा-एकवचनम् of an ऊकारान्त-स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् like “चमू” is चमू:। Which सूत्रम् causes the difference?

2. Please do पदच्छेद: of निशाचरचमू रामाय and mention the relevant rules.

3. Where is the प्रातिपदिकम् “चमू” used in the गीता?

4. The अमरकोश: gives ten synonyms for the word सेना (army.) One of them is चमू:। Can you list the other nine?
ध्वजिनी वाहिनी सेना पृतनानीकिनी चमूः।
वरूथिनी बलं सैन्यं चक्रं चानीकमस्त्रियाम् ।।२-८-७८।।
(इति एकादश “सेनाया:” नामानि।)

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Four chariots (use the प्रातिपदिकम् “रथ”) in front (use the प्रातिपदिकम् “अग्र”) of a small army.”

6. There is one सर्वनाम-शब्द: in the verse. Which one is it?

7. The declension of an अकारान्त-सर्वनाम-शब्द: (like “सर्व”) in the masculine differs from that of राम-शब्द: in five places. Which are they and which rules cause the difference?

8. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-3-102 सुपि च been used in this verse?

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् was used in the following?
a) रमा + ईश: = रमेश:
b) सती + ईश: = सतीश:
c) रामेण + अभिहता = रामेणाभिहता

2. Which word in the verse translates to “always”?