Today we will look at the form जज्ञाते 3Ad-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.15.15

तत उत्कलायां मरीचिर्मरीचेर्बिन्दुमत्यां बिन्दुमानुदपद्यत तस्मात्सरघायां मधुर्नामाभवन्मधोः सुमनसि वीरव्रतस्ततो भोजायां मन्थुप्रमन्थू जज्ञाते मन्थोः सत्यायां भौवनस्ततो दूषणायां त्वष्टाजनिष्ट त्वष्टुर्विरोचनायां विरजो विरजस्य शतजित्प्रवरं पुत्रशतं कन्या च विषूच्यां किल जातम् ।। ५-१५-१५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
सुमनसि स्त्रियाम् ।

Gita Press translation “From Samrāṭ, through Utkalā, sprang up Marīci and from (the loins of ) Marīci, through Bindumatī, Bindumān was born. From Bindumān through Saraghā appeared (a son) Madhu by name; from Madhu through Sumanā, sprang up Vīravrata and from Vīravrata, through Bhojā, Manthu and Pramanthu were born; from Manthu, through Satyā, appeared Bhauvana; from Bhauvana, through Dūṣaṇā, Twaṣṭā was born; from Twaṣṭā, through Virocanā, came Viraja; (and) from the loins of Viraja, through Viṣūcī, were born a hundred sons, the eldest of whom was Śatajit, and a daughter (too).”

जज्ञाते is derived from the धातुः √जन् (दिवादि-गणः, जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे, धातु-पाठः # ४. ४४)

In the धातु-पाठः, the √जन्-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the ईकार: following the नकार:। This इत् letter has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √जन्-धातुः takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √जन्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, द्विवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “आताम्”।

(1) जन् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) जन् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) जन् + आताम् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “आताम्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “आताम्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) जन् + आते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे, The टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.

(5) जन् जन् + आते । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case लोप: of the अकार: by 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case “आ” of “आते”) that is the cause for reduplication. (If we were to apply 6-4-98 first, there would be no vowel left in the अङगम् to do अभ्यास:।)
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 7 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि।

(6) ज जन् + आते । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(7) ज ज्न् + आते । By 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि, the उपधा (penultimate letter – ref. 1-1-65) of the verbal roots √गम् (गमॢँ गतौ १. ११३७), √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २), √जन् ([जनीँ प्रादुर्भावे ४. ४४], [जनँ जनने ३. २५]), √खन् (खनुँ अवदारणे १. १०२०) and √घस् (घसॢँ अदने १. ८१२) is elided, when followed by an अजादि-प्रत्ययः which is a कित् or a ङित् with the exclusion of the अङ्-प्रत्ययः।
Note: “आते” is a कित्-प्रत्यय: as per 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्। This allows 6-4-98 to apply.

(8) ज ज् ञ् + आते = जज्ञाते । By 8-4-40 स्तोः श्चुना श्चुः।

Questions:

1. How many times in the गीता has a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: been used in लिँट्-प्रयोग:?
i. Only one time
ii. Only two times
iii. More than five times
iv. Never

2. Can you spot a “श्यन्”-प्रत्यय: been used in the verse?

3. Can you spot a “शप्”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

4. The अनुवृत्ति: of “अचि” comes in to the सूत्रम् 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि from a सूत्रम् which we have studied. Which one is it?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Two sons were born to Sri Rama through Sita.” Use षष्ठी विभक्ति: with Sri Rama and सप्तमी with Sita.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In Sri Rama’s kingdom all people were happy. Even today, if there were to be a king like Sri Rama, all people would be happy.” Use the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “राज्य” for “kingdom”, use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “सुखिन्” for “happy”, use the अव्ययम् “अद्य” for “today”, use the अव्ययम् “यदि” for “if”, use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “सदृश” for “like” and use √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) for “to be.” Use तृतीया विभक्ति: with Sri Rama in the second sentence.

Easy questions:

1. Where has 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः been used in the verse?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the “इयँङ्”-आदेश: in the form स्त्रियाम् (प्रातिपदिकम् “स्त्री”, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) used in the commentary?