Today we will look at the form आददे 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.8.31

गोप्याददे त्वयि कृतागसि दाम तावद्या ते दशाश्रुकलिलाञ्जनसम्भ्रमाक्षम् ।
वक्त्रं निनीय भयभावनया स्थितस्य सा मां विमोहयति भीरपि यद्बिभेति ।। १-८-३१ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
नरविडम्बनमत्याश्चर्यमित्याह – गोपीति । गोपी यशोदा त्वयि कृतागसि दधिभाण्डस्फोटनं कृतवति यावद्दाम रज्जुमाददे जग्राह तावत्तत्क्षणमेव या ते दशावस्था सा मां विमोहयति। किंभूतस्य । अश्रुभिः कलिलं व्यामिश्रमञ्जनं ययोस्ते च ते संभ्रमेण व्याकुले अक्षिणी यस्मिंस्तद्वक्त्रं निनीयाधः कृत्वा ताडयिष्यतीति भयस्य भावनया स्थितस्य । यद्यतस्त्वत्तो भीरपि स्वयं बिभेति तस्य ते दशा ।।

Gita Press translation “When you offended (Your foster-mother) Yaśodā (by smashing the pot of curds) and she took a cord to bind You, the way in which You stood full of fear, with Your face cast down, Your eyes rolling about in confusion and their collyrium dissolved in tears, fills me with bewilderment. To think that even He whom Fear itself is afraid should appear so stricken with fear!”

आददे is derived from the धातुः √दा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुदाञ् दाने, धातु-पाठः #३. १०)।

The “डु” at the beginning of this धातुः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः। The ञकारः at the end gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्। Both take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

The √दा-धातुः has ञकारः as इत् in the धातु-पाठः। Hence by 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the √दा-धातुः is normally उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय:। See advanced question.

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “त”।

(1) दा + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) दा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) दा + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “त” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) दा + एश् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्, when they come in place of लिँट्, the affixes “त” and “झ” take the substitutions “एश्” and “इरेच्” respectively.
As per 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, 1-1-55 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य, “एश्” comes as a substitute for “त”।

(5) दा + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) दा दा + ए । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य , when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case लोप: of the आकार: by 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case “ए”) that is the cause for reduplication.
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 8 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च।

(7) द दा + ए । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(8) ददे । By 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च – The ending आकार: of an अङ्गम् takes लोप: when followed by a vowel-beginning आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: that has either:
(i) a “इट्”-आगम: or
(ii) a ककार: or ङकार: as an इत्।

Note: As per 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्, the “ए”-प्रत्यय: is कित्। This allows 6-4-64 to apply.

“आङ्” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।)
आङ् + ददे = आददे । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Questions:

1. Where in Chapter Five of the गीता has √दा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुदाञ् दाने, धातु-पाठः #३. १०) been used with the उपसर्गः “आङ्”?

2. Where has 3-1-26 हेतुमति च been used in the verse?

3. Can you spot a “णल्”-प्रत्यय: in the commentary?

4. In which word in the verse has the “शप्”-प्रत्यय: taken the “श्लु” elision?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Vamana took away the earth from Bali.” Use (a लिँट् form of) √दा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुदाञ् दाने, धातु-पाठः #३. १०) with the उपसर्ग: “आङ्” for “to take away.”

Advanced question:

1. पाणिनि: has composed a specific सूत्रम् by which √दा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुदाञ् दाने, धातु-पाठः #३. १०) when preceded by the उपसर्गः “आङ्”, can take only आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:, unless the meaning is “to open/expand one’s mouth.” (Hence in the example above, there is no possibility of using a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।) Can you try to find this सूत्रम् in the third quarter of Chapter One of the अष्टाध्यायी?

Easy questions:

1. Consider the two words गोपी (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “गोपी”) and भी: (स्त्रीलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “भी”) used in the verse. They are both declined as प्रथमा-एकवचनम्। What is the reason that there is a विसर्ग: at the end of one (भी:) and not the other (गोपी)?

2. In the verse, can you spot a प्रातिपदिकम् that ends in a नकार:?