Today we will look at the form भ्राता-mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb8-19-7

निशम्य तद्वधं भ्राता हिरण्यकशिपुः पुरा ।
हन्तुं भ्रातृहणं क्रुद्धो जगाम निलयं हरेः ।। ८-१९-७ ।।

Gita Press translation “Hearing of his death, his (elder) brother, Hiraṇyakaśipu (Prahrāda’s father), full of rage, went of yore to the abode of Hari in order to kill the slayer of his brother.”

‘भ्रातृ’ gets प्रातिपदिकसञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-45 अर्थवदधातुरप्रत्ययः प्रातिपदिकम्. The विवक्षा here is प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम्। 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा… mandates the प्रत्ययाः सुँ, औ, जस् etc. after the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘भ्रातृ’।

(1) भ्रातृ + सुँ ।

(2) भ्रात् अनँङ् + सुँ । By 7-1-94 ऋदुशनस्पुरुदंसोऽनेहसां च, ऋत् (short ऋ) ending words, as well as the words उशनस्, पुरुदंसस् and अनेहस् get the अनँङ् replacement when the सुँ suffix, that is not सम्बुद्धिः, follows. By 1-1-53 ङिच्च, a ङित् substitute (substitute which has the letter ङ् as a marker), even if it is अनेकाल् (having more than one letter), takes place of only the last letter of the term being substituted.

(3) भ्रातन् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् , 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(4) भ्रातान् + स् । By 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ, the penultimate letter of the अङ्गम् (base) ending in a नकार: gets elongated if it is followed by a non-vocative affix having the designation सर्वनामस्थानम्।

(5) भ्रातान् । सकार-लोपः by 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। Using 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम् भ्रातान् gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्।

(6) भ्राता । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य, the ending letter न् of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम् ।

Questions :

1. Which सूत्रम् is used to do the णकारादेश: in the form भ्रातृहणम्? (The प्रातिपदिकम् “भ्रातृहन्” is similar to the प्रातिपदिकम् “वृत्रहन्” which we have studied in the class.)

2. 1-1-53 ङिच्च (used in step 2) is an अपवाद: for which सूत्रम्?

3. By which सूत्रम् does “पुरा” get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा?

4. Where has this अव्ययम् “पुरा” been used in the गीता?

5. Which term from the प्रादि-गण: (reference – 1-4-58 प्रादयः) is used in this verse?

6. In commenting on the सूत्रम् 7-1-94 ऋदुशनस्पुरुदंसोऽनेहसां च, the काशिका says “असम्बुद्धौ इत्येव – हे मातः।” Please explain what this means.

7. Use some words from the verse to construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
“Hearing the command of his father, Sri Rama went to the forest with Sita and Lakshmana.” Use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “आदेश” for “command.”

8. Please list the fifteen synonyms for the word “निलय:” (प्रातिपदिकम् “निलय” masculine, meaning “abode/residence”) as given in the अमरकोश:। We’ve already seen these in a previous example. (Search this website for “निलय”)।

Easy questions:

1. Derive the form “हरे:” (षष्ठी-एकवचनम्) from the प्रातिपदिकम् “हरि”। (Use 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि, 7-3-111 घेर्ङिति and 6-1-110 ङसिङसोश्च)।

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-114 हशि च been used in the verse?