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प्रमाथी mNs

Today we will look at the form प्रमाथी mNs from श्रीमद्-वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6.89.48.

निहतं सारथिं दृष्ट्वा समरे रावणात्मजः । प्रजहौ समरोद्धर्षं विषण्णः स बभूव ह ।। ६-८९-४६ ।।
विषण्णवदनं दृष्ट्वा राक्षसं हरियूथपाः । ततः परमसंहृष्टो लक्ष्मणं चाभ्यपूजयन् ।। ६-८९-४७ ।।
ततः प्रमाथी रभसः शरभो गन्धमादनः । अमृष्यमाणाश्चत्वारश्चक्रुर्वेगं हरीश्वराः ।। ६-८९-४८ ।।
ते चास्य हयमुख्येषु तूर्णमुत्पत्य वानराः । चतुर्षु सुमहावीर्या निपेतुर्भीमविक्रमाः ।। ६-८९-४९ ।।

Gita Press translation – Seeing his charioteer killed in combat, the aforesaid son of Rāvaṇa completely lost his zest for combat and grew despondent, they say (46). Beholding the ogre dejected in appearance, the commanders of simian troops thereupon felt extremely delighted and accalaimed Lakṣmaṇa (47). Getting impatient, four monkey chiefs, viz., Pramāthī, Rabhasa, Śarabha and Gandhamādana thereupon gave vent to their impetuosity (48). Nay, springing up rapidly, the aforesaid monkeys, who were endowed with remarkable valor and terrible prowess, fell on the four excellent horses of Indrajit (49).

प्रमथति तच्छील: = प्रमाथी ।

The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमाथिन्’ is derived from the verbal root √मथ् (मथेँ विलोडने १. ९८३).

(1) प्र मथ् + घिनुँण् । By 3-2-145 प्रे लपसृद्रुमथवदवसः – To denote an agent who performs an action because of his nature/habit or sense of duty or skill, the affix ‘घिनुँण्’ may be used following any one of the verbal roots below when compounded with the उपसर्ग: ‘प्र’ –
(i) √लप् (लपँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ४६८)
(ii) √सृ (सृ गतौ १. १०८५)
(iii) √द्रु (द्रु गतौ १. १०९५)
(iv) √मथ् (मथेँ विलोडने १. ९८३)
(v) √वद् (वदँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ११६४)
(vi) √वस् (वसँ निवासे १. ११६०)

(2) प्र + मथ् + इन् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) प्रमाथिन् । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः – A penultimate (उपधा) अकार: of a अङ्गम् gets वृद्धिः as the substitute when followed by a प्रत्ययः which is a ञित् or a णित्।

‘प्रमाथिन्’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्

(4) प्रमाथिन् + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्

(5) प्रमाथिन् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) प्रमाथीन् + स् । By 6-4-13 सौ च – The penultimate letter of terms ending in “इन्”, “हन्”, “पूषन्” and “अर्यमन्” is lengthened when the सुँ-प्रत्यय: – which is not सम्बुद्धि: – follows.

(7) प्रमाथीन् । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। “प्रमाथीन्” gets the पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम् with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्

(8) प्रमाथी । By 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य – The ending नकार: of a पदम् is dropped when the पदम् also has the designation प्रातिपदिकम्।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमाथिन्’ been used in Chapter Two of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-145 प्रे लपसृद्रुमथवदवसः (used in step 1) the काशिका says – वस इति ‘वस निवासे’ इत्यस्य ग्रहणं नाच्छादनार्थस्य, लुग्विकरणत्वात्। Please explain.

3. Can you spot the affix ‘क’ in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment ‘वुक्’ in the form बभूव?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि  been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“My agitating mind does not want to read the Geeta.” Use a सनन्त-प्रयोग: for “to want to read.”

 

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot the augment ‘आम्’ in the verses?

2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-16 रोः सुपि been used in the verses?


1 Comment

  1. 1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमाथिन्’ been used in Chapter Two of the गीता?
    Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘प्रमाथिन्’ been used in Chapter Two of the गीता in the following verse:
    यततो ह्यपि कौन्तेय पुरुषस्य विपश्चितः ।
    इन्द्रियाणि प्रमाथीनि हरन्ति प्रसभं मनः ।। 2-60 ।।

    The विवक्षा is नपुंसकलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।
    प्रमाथिन् + जस् ।By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…।
    = प्रमाथिन् + शि । By 7-1-20 जश्शसोः शिः, 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य। “शि” gets the सर्वनामस्थान-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-42 शि सर्वनामस्थानम्।
    = प्रमाथिन् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    = प्रमाथीन् + इ = प्रमाथीनि । By 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ।

    2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-145 प्रे लपसृद्रुमथवदवसः (used in step 1) the काशिका says – वस इति ‘वस निवासे’ इत्यस्य ग्रहणं नाच्छादनार्थस्य, लुग्विकरणत्वात्। Please explain.
    Answer: The verbal root √वस् referred to in the सूत्रम् 3-2-145 प्रे लपसृद्रुमथवदवसः is वसँ निवासे १. ११६० and not वसँ आच्छादने २. १३. We know this by the परिभाषा – लुग्विकरणालुग्विकरणयोरलुग्विकरणस्य – When there is a doubt as to whether a term that may be employed in grammar should denote a verbal root which is लुग्विकरण: (i.e. a verbal root from the अदादि-गण: following which the affix शप् takes the लुक् elision) or a verbal root which is अलुग्विकरण: (has a विकरण: other than लुक्), or both verbal roots, then that term should be taken to denote only that verbal root which is अलुग्विकरण: (or in other words a verbal root which belongs to any गण: except the अदादि-गण:)।
    The verbal root वसँ आच्छादने २. १३ belongs to the अदादि-गण: and hence it is लुग्विकरण:। On the other hand the verbal root वसँ निवासे १. ११६० belongs to the भ्वादि-गण: and hence it is अलुग्विकरण:। Its विकरण: is शप् and not लुक्। Therefore as per the above परिभाषा we conclude that the verbal root √वस् referred to in the सूत्रम् 3-2-145 प्रे लपसृद्रुमथवदवसः is वसँ निवासे १. ११६० and not वसँ आच्छादने २. १३.

    Note: लुग्विकरणालुग्विकरणयोरलुग्विकरणस्य is परिभाषा #९० in the परिभाषेन्दुशेखर: (composed by नागेश:)।

    3. Can you spot the affix ‘क’ in the verses?
    Answer: The affix ‘क’ is used to derive the compound प्रातिपदिकम् ‘हरियूथप’ used in the word हरियूथपाः (पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्)।

    हरियूथान् पातीति हरियूथपः।

    The derivation of ‘हरियूथप’ is similar to the derivation of ‘नृप’ shown in answer to question 5 in the following comment – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/17/निशाचरी-fns/#comment-5533

    4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the augment ‘वुक्’ in the form बभूव?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-88 भुवो वुग्लुङ्लिटोः prescribes the augment ‘वुक्’ in the form बभूव। बभूव is derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १). The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

    Please see answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the form बभूव – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/25/मेनिरे-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3158

    5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि  been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि has been used in the verses in the form निपेतुः derived from the verbal root √पत् (पतॢँ गतौ १. ९७९) with the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’।
    The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

    Please see answer to question 3 in the following comment for the derivation of the form निपेतुः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/01/16/नेदुः-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3126

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “My agitating mind does not want to read the Geeta.” Use a सनन्त-प्रयोग: for “to want to read.”
    Answer: मम प्रमाथि मनः गीताम् न पिपठिषति = मम प्रमाथि मनो गीतां न पिपठिषति।

    Easy questions:

    1. Can you spot the augment ‘आम्’ in the verses?
    Answer: A augment ‘आम्’ is used in the form चत्वारः (प्रतिपदिकम् “चतुर्”, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्)।
    Please see answer to easy question 1 in the following comment for the derivation of चत्वारः – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/04/16/अभूत्-3as-लुँङ्-2/#comment-3642

    2. Where has the सूत्रम् 8-3-16 रोः सुपि been used in the verses?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 8-3-16 रोः सुपि is used in the derivation of the form चतुर्षु (पुंलिङ्गे सप्तमी-बहुवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘चतुर्’।)
    Please see answer to question 2 in the following comment for the derivation of चतुर्षु – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2011/10/18/प्रवृणोमि-1as-लँट्/#comment-1461

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