Today we will look at the form प्रपेदे 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 2.7.3

जज्ञे च कर्दमगृहे द्विज देवहूत्यां स्त्रीभिः समं नवभिरात्मगतिं स्वमात्रे ।
ऊचे ययाऽऽत्मशमलं गुणसङ्गपङ्कमस्मिन्विधूय कपिलस्य गतिं प्रपेदे ।। २-७-३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
कपिलावतारमाह । कर्दमस्य प्रजापतेर्गृहे च तद्भार्यायां देवहूत्यां जज्ञे । नवभिः स्त्रीभिर्भगिनीभिः सह । स च स्वमात्रे आत्मगतिं ब्रह्मविद्यामुक्तवान् । यया आत्मगत्या सा आत्मनः शमलं मलिनीकरणं गुणसङ्गरूपं पङ्कमस्मिन्नेव जन्मनि विधूय कपिलस्य गतिं मुक्तिं प्राप्तवती ।।

Gita Press translation “Again He was born, O Nārada, as the son of Kardama (another Prajāpati) and his wife Devahūti (under the name of Kapila) with nine sisters, and imparted to His mother the Knowledge of the spirit, by means of which she wiped off in the course of that very life the dirt of attachement to the world of matter, which had polluted her heart, and attained to the state of Kapila (i.e, final beatitude).”

प्रपेदे is derived from the धातुः √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः # ४. ६५)

The ending vowel, अकार: of “पदँ” gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। This vowel has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √पद् takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √पद् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “त”।

(1) पद् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) पद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) पद् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “त” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) पद् + एश् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्, when they come in place of लिँट्, the affixes “त” and “झ” take the substitutions “एश्” and “इरेच्” respectively.
As per 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, 1-1-55 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य, “एश्” comes as a substitute for “त”।

(5) पद् + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) पद् पद् + ए । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(7) प पद् + ए । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.
See advanced question.

(8) पेदे । By 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि, the अकार: of a अङ्गम् takes एकार: as the substitute and simultaneously there is लोप: (elision) of the अभ्यास:, when all the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) the अकार: is preceded and followed by a single (non-conjunct) consonant
(ii) the अङ्गम् is followed by a लिँट् affix which is कित्
(iii) in place of the first letter of the अङ्गम् there is no आदेश: (substitution) that is based on the लिँट् affix.

Note : By 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्, a लिँट् affix which is not a पित् – does not have पकार: as a इत् – shall be considered to be a कित् (as having ककार: as a इत्), as long as there is no संयोग: (conjunction consonant) prior to the affix. Hence “एश्” is a कित्-प्रत्यय: here. This allows 6-4-120 to apply.

“प्र” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।)
प्र + पेदे = प्रपेदे ।

Questions:

1. Where has √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः # ४. ६५) been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the first five verses of Chapter Two of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि (used in step 8), the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – अनादेशादे: किम्? चकणतु:। Please explain.

3. The form ऊचे used in the verse is derived from which verbal root?

4. Where has 6-4-98 गमहनजनखनघसां लोपः क्ङित्यनङि been used in the verse?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Leaving (having left) his own brother, Vibhishana took shelter with Sri Rama.” Use the अव्ययम् “त्यक्त्वा” for “having left”, use the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “स्व” for “his own” and use √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः # ४. ६५) with the उपसर्ग: “प्र” for “to take shelter with.”

Advanced question:

1. After step 7 in the example we could apply 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च and replace the पकार: in the अभ्यास: by the same letter पकार:। Will that prevent 6-4-120 from applying? (Remember that one of the conditions mentioned in 6-4-120 is अनादेशादे:।) The सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says that a same letter substitution (for the beginning letter of the अभ्यास:) does not prevent 6-4-120 from applying. आदेशश्चेह वैरूप्यसम्पादक एवाश्रीयते। The reason for this is given as शसिदद्यो: प्रतिषेधवचनाज्ज्ञापकात्। Please explain. (Hint: शसिदद्यो: is a reference to 6-4-126 न शसददवादिगुणानाम्।)

Easy questions:

1. Where has 7-2-113 हलि लोपः been used in the verse?

2. Which प्रातिपदिकम् used in the verse has the षट्-सञ्ज्ञा?