Today we will look at the form प्रतिपेदिरे 3Ap-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 3.20.43

त आत्मसर्गं तं कायं पितरः प्रतिपेदिरे ।
साध्येभ्यश्च पितृभ्यश्च कवयो यद्वितन्वते ।। ३-२०-४३ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
आत्मनः सर्गो यस्मात्तम् । यद्येन कार्येण संप्रदानत्वनिमित्तेन । कवयः कर्मकोविदाः । साध्येभ्यः पितृभ्यश्च स्वपितृरूपेभ्यः । वितन्वते श्राद्धादिना हव्यं कव्यं च ददति ।

Gita Press translation “The Pitṛs themselves took possession of that invisible body, the source of their existence. It is through the medium of this invisible body (of the Pitṛs) that those well-versed in the ritual offer oblations to the Sādhyas and the Pitṛs (in the form of their departed ancestors on the occasion of Śrāddha etc.)”

पेदिरे is derived from the धातुः √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः #४. ६५)।

The ending अकार: of “पदँ” gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। This इत् has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √पद् takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √पद् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “झ”।

(1) पद् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) पद् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) पद् + झ । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झ” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “झ” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) पद् + इरेच् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्, when they come in place of लिँट्, the affixes “त” and “झ” take the substitutions “एश्” and “इरेच्” respectively.
As per 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, 1-1-55 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य, “इरेच्” comes as a substitute for “झ”।

(5) पद् + इरे । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) पद् पद् + इरे । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(7) प पद् + इरे । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(8) पेदिरे । By 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि, the अकार: of a अङ्गम् takes एकार: as the substitute and simultaneously there is लोप: (elision) of the अभ्यास:, when all the following conditions are satisfied:
(i) the अकार: is preceded and followed by a single (non-conjunct) consonant
(ii) the अङ्गम् is followed by a लिँट् affix which is कित्
(iii) in place of the first letter of the अङ्गम् there is no आदेश: (substitution) that is based on the लिँट् affix.

Note : By 1-2-5 असंयोगाल्लिट् कित्, a लिँट् affix which is not a पित् – does not have पकार: as a इत् – shall be considered to be a कित् (as having ककार: as a इत्), as long as there is no संयोग: (conjunction consonant) prior to the affix. Hence “इरेच्” is a कित्-प्रत्यय: here. This allows 6-4-120 to apply.

“प्रति” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।)
प्रति + पेदिरे = प्रतिपेदिरे ।

Questions:

1. In the first five verses of Chapter Fifteen of the गीता where has √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः #४. ६५) been used in a तिङन्तं पदम्?

2. Where has 7-1-5 आत्मनेपदेष्वनतः been used in the verse?

3. Why didn’t 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः apply in the form ददति used in the commentary? (विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्। धातु: is √दा (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०)।)

4. The वृत्ति: of the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि says – लिण्निमित्तादेशादिकं न भवति यदङ्गं तदवयवस्यासंयुक्तहल्मध्यस्थस्यात एत्वमभ्यासलोपश्च किति लिटि। On this the तत्त्वबोधिनी comments यद्यपि “गमहन” इति सूत्रे क्ङितीति वर्तते, तथापि प्रयोजनाऽभावान्ङितीत्येतन्नानुवर्तत इति भावः। Please explain.

5. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-4-120 अत एकहल्मध्येऽनादेशादेर्लिटि, the काशिका says अतः इति किम्? दिदिवतुः। Please explain.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Hearing the word ‘Rama’, Marica was terrified.” Paraphrase “was terrified” to “went to fear.” Use the अव्ययम् “श्रुत्वा” for “hearing (having heard)” and use √पद् (दिवादि-गणः, पदँ गतौ, धातु-पाठः #४. ६५) with the उपसर्ग: “प्र” for “to go to.” Use the अव्ययम् “इति” as an end-quote.

Easy questions:

1. Please do पदच्छेद: of त आत्मसर्गम् and mention the necessary rules.

2. Where has 7-3-110 ऋतो ङिसर्वनामस्थानयोः been used in the verse?