Today we will look at the form जहौ 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 1.15.35

यथा मत्स्यादिरूपाणि धत्ते जह्याद्यथा नटः।
भूभारः क्षपितो येन जहौ तच्च कलेवरम् ।। १-१५-३५ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
श्रीकृष्णमूर्तेर्विशेषमाह – यथेति । तान्यपि यथा धत्ते जहाति च । तदाह । यथा नटो निजरूपेण स्थितोऽपि रूपान्तराणि धत्तेऽन्तर्धत्ते च तथा तदपि कलेवरं जहौ ।।

Gita Press translation “Even as the Lord, like an actor, assumes and then drops the form of a fish etc., so did He shuffle off the body with which He had removed the earth’s burden.”

जहौ is derived from the धातुः √हा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, ओँहाक् त्यागे, धातु-पाठः #३.९)

In the धातु-पाठः, the √हा-धातुः has ओकारः and ककारः as इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् respectively. After 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः only “हा” remains. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √हा-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √हा-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: is “तिप्”।

(1) हा + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) हा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) हा + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तिप्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा here. This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) हा + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.

(5) हा + औ । By 7-1-34 आत औ णलः, the “णल्”-प्रत्यय: is substituted by a औकार:, when it follows a धातु: that ends in a आकार:।

(6) हा हा + औ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case वृद्धि: by 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case “औ”) that is the cause for reduplication.
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 9 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

(7) झा हा + औ । By 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the कवर्गः or हकारः is replaced by a letter of the चवर्गः । The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

(8) झ हा + औ । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(9) झहौ । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

(10) जहौ । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

Questions:

1. Where has 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः (used in step 8 of the example) been used in the last ten verses of Chapter Nine of the गीता?

2. Where has विधि-लिँङ् been used in the verse?

3. What type of सूत्रम् is 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि?
i. विधि-सूत्रम् – a rule which prescribes an operation
ii. निषेध-सूत्रम् – a rule which prohibits another rule
iii. परिभाषा-सूत्रम् – a rule which helps in interpreting other rules and resolving conflicts in their application
iv. अपवाद-सूत्रम् – a rule which is an exception to another rule

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the धकारादेश: in the form धत्ते? (धत्ते is derived from √धा (डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके ३. ११). विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।)

5. Where has 6-1-10 श्लौ been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“In Nandigrama, Sri Rama abandoned his matted hair.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “जटा” for “matted hair.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि (used in step 9 of the example) been used in the first verse of the गीता?

2. Can you spot a “टा”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?