Today we will look at the form जगौ 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.9.18

भृशममर्षरोषावेशरभसविलसितभ्रुकुटिविटपकुटिलदंष्ट्रारुणेक्षणाटोपातिभयानकवदना हन्तुकामेवेदं महाट्टहासमतिसंरम्भेण विमुञ्चन्ती तत उत्पत्य पापीयसां दुष्टानां तेनैवासिना विवृक्णशीर्ष्णां गलात्स्रवन्तमसृगासवमत्युष्णं सह गणेन निपीयातिपानमदविह्वलोच्चैस्तरां स्वपार्षदैः सह जगौ ननर्त च विजहार च शिरःकन्दुकलीलया ।। ५-९-१८ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
अमर्षोऽपराधासहनं रोषश्च वपुषो दाहनं तयोरावेशस्तस्य रभसेन वेगेन विलसित उत्तम्भितो भ्रुकुटिलक्षणो विटपः शाखाकुटिला दंष्ट्राश्चारुणानीक्षणानि च तेषामाटोपः संभ्रमस्तेनातिभयानकं वदनं यस्याः । इदं जगद्धन्तुमुद्यतेव । महान्तमट्टहासं सनादं हासम् । ततः स्थानादुत्पत्य विवृक्णानि छिन्नानि शीर्षाणि येषाम् । गणेन परिवारेण सह । शिरांस्येव कन्दुकानि तेषां लीलया चिक्रीड च ।।

Gita Press translation “With Her arched eyebrows thrown up in the vehemence of extreme indignation and intensity of rage, curved teeth and wild bloodshot eyes She assumed a most dreadful aspect, as if intending to destroy the (whole) world, laughed a terrible horse-laugh in great anger and, springing up from the altar and lopping off the heads of those wicked sinners with the same sword (with which they were going to behead the Brāhmaṇa), drank to satiety along with Her retinue the exceedingly hot and inebriating blood streaming forth from their necks. Then, overpowered with intoxication through excessive drink, She sang at the pitch of Her voice along with Her attendants and also danced and played with the (amputated) heads like balls.”

जगौ is derived from the धातुः √गै (गै शब्दे १. १०६५)।

In the धातु-पाठः, the √गै-धातुः has no इत् letters. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √गै-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √गै-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: is “तिप्”।

(1) गा + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

Note: By 6-1-45 आदेच उपदेशेऽशिति, the ending एच् (“ए”, “ओ”, “ऐ”, “औ”) letter of a धातु: in the धातु-पाठ: is replaced by a आकार:, but not in the context where a शकार: which is a इत् follows.
Since there is going to be no शित् (शकार: as a इत्) following, the धातु: “गै” becomes “गा”।

(2) गा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) गा + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तिप्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) गा + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.

(5) गा + औ । By 7-1-34 आत औ णलः, the “णल्”-प्रत्यय: is substituted by a औकार:, when it follows a धातु: that ends in a आकार:।

(6) गा गा + औ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case वृद्धि: by 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case “औ”) that is the cause for reduplication.
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 9 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

(7) जा गा + औ । By 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the कवर्गः or हकारः is replaced by a letter of the चवर्गः । The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

(8) ज गा + औ । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(9) जगौ । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि।

Questions:

1. In the last twenty verses of Chapter Two of the गीता, can you a spot a तिङन्तं पदम् wherein the सूत्रम् 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः (used in step 8 of this example) has been used?

2. The अनुवृत्ति: of “धातो:” comes into 6-1-45 (used in step 1 of the example) from a सूत्रम् which we have studied. Which one is it?

3. In which तिङन्तं पदम् in the verse is there a अकारादेश: (letter “अ” used as a substitute)?

4. Where else (besides in जगौ) has 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the verse?

5. Where has 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“When Sri Rama killed Ravana, all the Gandharvas sang and the Apsaras danced with joy.” Use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “अप्सरस्” (in the plural), use the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “मुद्” for “joy” and use (a लिँट् form of) √हन् (हनँ हिंसागत्योः २. २) for “to kill.” Use the अव्यये यदा/तदा।

Easy questions:

1. Where has 8-4-62 झयो होऽन्यतरस्याम् been used in the commentary?

2. Can you spot a नकारान्तं प्रातिपदिकम् (a प्रातिपदिकम् ending in the नकार:) used in the verse?