Today we will look at the form बभार 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 5.25.10

मूर्तिं नः पुरुकृपया बभार सत्त्वं संशुद्धं सदसदिदं विभाति तत्र ।
यल्लीलां मृगपतिराददेऽनवद्यामादातुं स्वजनमनांस्युदारवीर्यः ।। ५-२५-१० ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
तर्हि कथमसौ मुमुक्षुभिः सेव्यते तत्राह – मूर्तिमिति । यत्रेदं सदसद्विभाति स नोऽस्माकं भक्तानां बहुकृपया संशुद्धं सत्त्वं मूर्तिं बभार । स्वजनानां मनांस्यादातुं वशीकर्तुं कृतां यस्य लीलां मृगपतिः सिंह आददे अशिक्षत् । यतः उदाराणि वीर्याणि यस्य तस्मादन्यं मुमुक्षुः कमाश्रयेदित्युत्तरेणान्वयः । यद्वा कृपयेत्यत्र हेतुः – यद्यस्मात्स्वजनानां मनांस्यादातुं लीलामाददे । मृगपतिरिवोदारवीर्यः । यद्वा मृग्यन्त इति मृगाः कामप्रदास्तेषां पतिर्मुख्यः ।।

Gita Press translation “The same Brahma (transcendent Reality), in which appears as distinct this manifest (gross) and unmanifest (subtle) creation, assumed out of abounding compassion for us a form – consisting of Sattva (which is) entirely pure (unmixed with Rajas and Tamas) – by which He chose to enact faultless (innocent) sports in order to captivate the minds of His devotees, possessed as He is of unlimited energy like a lion (the king of beasts).”

बभार is derived from the धातुः √भृ (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः, धातु-पाठः #३.६)

The “डु” at the beginning of “डुभृञ्” gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः। The ञकारः at the end gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्। Both take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Since the √भृ-धातुः has ञकारः as इत् in the धातु-पाठः, by 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले the √भृ-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the √भृ-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।

In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as √भृ will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, √भृ will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।

Note: The form बभार can also be derived from the धातुः √भृ (भ्वादि-गणः, भृञ् भरणे, धातु-पाठः #१. १०४५) which is also उभयपदी।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is तिप्।

(1) भृ + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट् , the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) भृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भृ + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “तिप्” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(4) भृ + णल् । By 3-4-82 परस्मैपदानां णलतुसुस्थलथुसणल्वमाः, when they come in place of लिँट्, the nine परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: – “तिप्”, “तस्”, “झि”, “सिप्”, “थस्”, “थ”, “मिप्”, “वस्” and “मस्” – are substituted by “णल्”, “अतुस्”, “उस्”, “थल्”, “अथुस्”, “अ”, “णल्”, “व” and “म” respectively.

(5) भृ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(6) भृ भृ + अ । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य, when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

Note: As per 1-1-59 द्विर्वचनेऽचि, while reduplication is yet to be done, a substitution (in this case गुण: of the ऋकार: by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः) shall not be made in the place of a vowel on the basis of a vowel (in this case अकार:) that is the cause for reduplication.
Note: This rule only temporarily stops the substitution until reduplication is done. Once reduplication is done, the substitution does takes place (in step 9 below.)

Therefore we apply 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य before applying 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।

(7) भर् भृ + अ । By 7-4-66 उरत्‌, a ऋवर्ण: of the अभ्यास: (reduplicate) takes the अकारादेश: when a प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a रँ (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

(8) भ भृ + अ । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(9) भ भर् + अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a रँ (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

(10) भभार । By 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः , a penultimate (उपधा) अकार: of a अङ्गम् gets वृद्धिः as the substitute when followed by a प्रत्ययः which is a ञित् or a णित्।
Note: Instead of applying 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः and 7-2-116 अत उपधायाः, we could apply 7-2-115 अचो ञ्णिति and get the same result in one step.

(11) बभार । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

Questions:

1. √भृ (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः, धातु-पाठः #३.६) is used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in only one place in the गीता। Where is that?

2. Can you spot a word in the verse wherein the शप्-प्रत्यय: has taken the लुक् elision?

3. Where else (besides in बभार) has लिँट् been used in the verse?

4. Can you spot a word in the commentary wherein the “यासुट्”-आगम: has been used?

5. Where has 6-4-51 णेरनिटि been used in the commentary?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Out of abounding compassion, the sage Valmiki took care of Sita’s two sons.” Use (a लिँट् form of) √भृ (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुभृञ् धारणपोषणयोः, धातु-पाठः #३.६) for “to take care of” and use a word from the verse for “out of abounding compassion.”

Easy questions:

1. The word न: used in the verse is a optional short form for which word?

2. Where has 7-3-105 आङि चापः been used in the verse?