Today we will look at the form बभाषे 3As-लिँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 8.9.12

ततो गृहीत्वामृतभाजनं हरिर्बभाष ईषत्स्मितशोभया गिरा ।
यद्यभ्युपेत क्व च साध्वसाधु वा कृतं मया वो विभजे सुधामिमाम् ।। ८-९-१२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
ईषत्स्मितेन शोभा यस्यास्तया । मया कृतं साधु वा असाधु यद्यभ्युपेताङ्गीकुरुत तर्हि विभजे ।

Gita Press translation – Having taken possession of the jar of nectar, Lord Śrī Hari then said in a voice brightened with a gentle smile, “If you accept whatever is done by me, whether right or wrong, in any wise, I am prepared to divide this nectar among you (but not otherwise).”

बभाषे is derived from the धातुः √भाष् (भाषँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ६९६)

In the धातु-पाठः, the धातुः √भाष् has one इत् letter – the अकार: following the षकार:। This इत् letter has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √भाष् will get आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √भाष् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लिँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, hence the प्रत्ययः is “त”।

(1) भाष् + लिँट् । By 3-2-115 परोक्षे लिँट्, the affix लिँट् (Perfect Tense) comes after a verbal root in the sense of the past not of today, provided that the action is unperceived by the narrator.

(2) भाष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भाष् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। By 3-4-115 लिट् च, a तिङ्-प्रत्यय: which comes in place of लिँट् gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। Therefore “त” gets the आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा। This prevents 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ (which requires a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: to follow) from applying.

(3) भाष् + एश् । By 3-4-81 लिटस्तझयोरेशिरेच्, when they come in place of लिँट्, the affixes “त” and “झ” take the substitutions “एश्” and “इरेच्” respectively.
As per 1-3-10 यथासंख्यमनुदेशः समानाम्, 1-1-55 अनेकाल् शित् सर्वस्य, “एश्” comes as a substitute for “त”।

(4) भाष् + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) भाष् भाष् + ए । By 6-1-8 लिटि धातोरनभ्यासस्य , when लिँट् follows a verbal root, there is reduplication of the first portion – containing a single vowel – of the verbal root which is not already reduplicated. But if the verbal root (that has more than one vowel) begins with a vowel, then the reduplication is of the second portion – containing a single vowel.

(6) भा भाष् + ए । By 7-4-60 हलादिः शेषः, of the consonants of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), only the one (if any) at the beginning is retained, the rest are elided.

(7) भ भाष् + ए । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(8) बभाषे । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च, in a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः।

Questions:

1. Where in the गीता is √भाष् (भाषँ व्यक्तायां वाचि १. ६९६) used with the प्रत्यय: “त” (as in this example)?

2. In the verse, can you spot a word wherein the शप्-प्रत्यय: has taken लुक् elision?

3. In the form कुरुत (used in the commentary), there are two letters “उ”। Which one is a प्रत्यय: (affix) and which one is a आदेश: (substitute)?

4. Where has 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे been used in the verse?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Ravana said to Sita – ‘You ought to be my wife.'” Use the अव्ययम् “भवितुम्” for “to be” and use √अर्ह् (अर्हँ पूजायाम् १. ८४१) for “ought.” Use the same धातु: as in the example for “to say.” Use the अव्ययम् “इति” as a end-quote.

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“All the gopis said to Sri Krishna – ‘We are not able to live without you.'” Use the अव्ययम् “जीवितुम्” for “to live” and use √शक् (शकॢँ शक्तौ ५. १७) for “to be able.” Use the अव्ययम् “विना” for “without.” Use द्वितीया विभक्ति: with “you.”

Easy questions:

1. Which सूत्रम् is used for the मकारादेश: in the form इमाम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “इदम्”, स्त्रीलिङ्गे द्वितीया-एकवचनम्)?

2. The word गिरा (तृतीया-एकवचनम्) used in the verse is derived from the feminine प्रातिपदिकम् “गिर्”। What would be the form in सप्तमी-बहुवचनम्?
i. गिर्षु
ii. गि:सु
iii. गीर्षु
iv. गिरेषु