Today we will look at the form उद्विजेत 3As-विधिलिँङ् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-18-31.

नोद्विजेत जनाद्धीरो जनं चोद्वेजयेन्न तु ।
अतिवादांस्तितिक्षेत नावमन्येत कञ्चन ।
देहमुद्दिश्य पशुवद्वैरं कुर्यान्न केनचित् ।। ११-१८-३१ ।।

Gita Press translation “He should not be annoyed with anyone nor should he annoy anyone. With his mind (fully) controlled he should put up with abuses and should never show disrespect to anyone; nor should he for the sake of his body make enemies with anyone like a brute.”

विजेत is derived from the धातुः √विज् (तुदादि-गणः, ओँविजीँ भयचलनयोः, धातु-पाठः # ६. ९) Note: The धातुवृत्ति: says – प्रायेणायमुत्पूर्व: – which means that this धातु: is mostly used with the उपसर्ग: “उद्”।

In the धातु-पाठः, as per 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, the √विज्-धातुः has two इत् letters – the ओकारः and the ईकारः। The ईकारः has a अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्, √विज् takes आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √विज् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is विधिलिँङ्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।

(1) विज् + लिँङ् । By 3-3-161 विधिनिमन्त्रणामन्त्रणाधीष्टसंप्रश्नप्रार्थनेषु लिङ् , the affix लिङ् is prescribed after a धातुः when used in the sense of command, direction, invitation, request, inquiry and entreaty.

(2) विज् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) विज् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) विज् + सीयुट् त । By 3-4-102 लिङस्सीयुट् – The affixes of लिँङ् get सीयुट् as the augment.

(5) विज् + सीय् त। अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: In the सीयुट्-आगमः, the उकारः before the टकारः is उच्चारणार्थ:।

(6) विज् + श + सीय् त । By 3-1-77 तुदादिभ्यः शः, the श-प्रत्यय: is placed after the verbal roots of the तुदादि-गणः, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. This सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ ।
Note: By 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्, the श-प्रत्यय: becomes ङिद्वत् (behaves like having a ङकारः as an इत्)। Hence 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च prevents the गुणादेशः for the इकार: (of the अङ्गम् “विज्”) which would have been done by 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च।

(7) विज् + अ + सीय् त । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) विज् + अ + ई य् त । By 7-2-79 लिङः सलोपोऽनन्‍त्‍यस्‍य, the सकारः of a सार्वधातुक-लिङ् affix is elided, provided it is not the final letter of the affix.

(9) विज् + अ + ई त । By 6-1-66 लोपो व्योर्वलि, a वकारः or a यकारः is elided when it is followed by a letter of the वल्-प्रत्याहारः।

(10) विजेत । गुणादेशः by 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

“उद्” is the उपसर्गः (ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे।)
उद् + विजेत = उद्विजेत।

Questions:

1. Where in the गीता has √विज् (तुदादि-गणः, ओँविजीँ भयचलनयोः, धातु-पाठः # ६. ९) been used with the उपसर्ग: “उद्” in a तिङन्तं पदम्?

2. Where has 6-4-109 ये च been used in the verse?

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 6-1-66 (used in step 9 of this example), the काशिका says – व्रश्चादीनामुपदेशसामर्थ्याद् वलि लोपो न भवति। Please explain.

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“You should not be annoyed with anyone.” Use the same धातु:/उपसर्ग:, as in this example, for “to be annoyed.” Use पञ्चमी विभक्ति: with “anyone.”

5. Use some words from the verse to construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
“One should not show disrespect to anyone.”

6. Use some words from the verse to construct the following sentence in Sanskrit:
“One should not make enemies with anyone.”

Easy questions:

1. Where has 8-3-7 नश्छव्यप्रशान् been used in the verse?

2. Do पदच्छेद: of चोद्वेजयेन्न and mention the relevant rules.