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आप्नोति 3As-लँट्

Today we will look at the form आप्नोति 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb4-20-11.

उदासीनमिवाध्यक्षं द्रव्यज्ञानक्रियात्मनाम् ।
कूटस्थमिममात्मानं यो वेदाप्नोति शोभनम् ।। ४-२०-११ ।।

Gita Press translation “He who knows this immutable Self as if it were unconcerned, though presiding over the body, the senses of perception, the organs of action and the mind, attains blessedness.”

आप्नोति is derived from the धातुः √आप् (स्वादि-गणः, आपॢँ व्याप्तौ, धातु-पाठः # ५. १६)

The ending ऌकारः (which is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्) of “आपॢँ” has a उदात्त-स्वरः। Thus the √आप्-धातुः is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। (Neither 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् nor 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले applies.) Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √आप्-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √आप्-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “तिप्”।

(1) आप् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) आप् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) आप् + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “तिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “तिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) आप् + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(5) आप् + श्नु + ति । By 3-1-73 स्वादिभ्यः श्नुः, the श्नु-प्रत्यय: is placed after the verbal roots of the स्वादि-गणः, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. This सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ ।

(6) आप् + नु + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(7) आप्नोति । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows.

Questions:

1. आप्नोति is used a few times in the गीता। Where is it used for the first time and where is it used for the last time?

2. In which of the nine items in the conjugation table of √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ, धातु-पाठः # ५. १६) with लँट्, does 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियङुवङौ apply?

3. Can you spot a “णल्”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

4. Can you recall a धातु: which takes the “श्नु”-प्रत्यय: even though it does not belong to the स्वादि-गण:?

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Only one who is free from desire attains peace.” Use the adjective (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “निष्काम” for “one who is free from desire.”

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“How may I be able to speak in Sanskrit?” Use the अव्ययम् “वक्तुम्” for “to speak”, use the feminine (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “संस्कृत-भाषा” for “Sanskrit” and use √शक् (शकॢँ शक्तौ ५. १७) for “to be able.” Use the अव्ययम् “कथम्” for “how.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a मकारादेश: (the letter “म्” used as a substitute) in the verse?

2. Where has 6-4-8 सर्वनामस्थाने चासम्बुद्धौ been used in the verse?

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