Today we will look at the form तप्ये 1As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb4-9-33.
दैवीं मायामुपाश्रित्य प्रसुप्त इव भिन्नदृक् ।
तप्ये द्वितीयेऽप्यसति भ्रातृभ्रातृव्यहृद्रुजा ।। ४-९-३३ ।।
Translation “Clinging to the Lord’s Māyā (deluding potency) and (hence) taking a perverted view of things, I burn with jealousy, mistaking my own brother for an enemy – although (from the point of view of the spirit) there is none other than me – just as a sleeping (dreaming) man sees the projection of his own self in the form of a lion, snake and so on and gets afraid of the same.”
तप्ये is derived from the धातुः √तप् (दिवादि-गणः, तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४)
The ending अकार: (which is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् ) of “तपँ” has अनुदात्त-स्वर:। Thus by 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् √तप् will get आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √तप् can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:।
The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, उत्तम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्। Therefore the प्रत्यय: will be “इट्”।
(1) तप् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.
(2) तप् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) तप् + इट् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “इट्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “इट्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।
(4) तप् + इ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(5) तप् + ए । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे, the टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.
(6) तप् + श्यन् + ए । By 3-1-69 दिवादिभ्यः श्यन्, the श्यन्-प्रत्यय: is placed after the verbal roots belonging to the दिवादि-गणः, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. This सूत्रम् is a अपवाद: (exception) to 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप् ।
(7) तप् + य + ए । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(8) तप्ये । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।
Questions:
1. Where has √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the गीता?
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to do the क-वर्गादेश: in the form भिन्नदृक् (प्रातिपदिकम् “भिन्नदृश्”, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)?
3. In the nine items in the conjugation table of √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) with लँट्, in which other form (besides तप्ये) does 6-1-97 अतो गुणे apply?
4. What is the purpose of adding टकार: as a इत् in the “इट्”-प्रत्यय:?
5. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing two actions. The verbal root in the earlier action takes the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय:| (The सूत्रम् is 3-4-21 समानकर्तृकयोः पूर्वकाले । If there is a compound formation then the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is replaced by ल्यप् as per 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्)। In this verse the word “उपाश्रित्य” ends in ल्यप्-प्रत्यय:। Who is/are the common doer(s)?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am pleased by your good conduct.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “साधु” for “good”, use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “आचार” for “conduct” and use √तृप् (तृपँ प्रीणने ४. ९२) for “to be pleased.”
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot two words in the verse in which 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः has been used?
2. Do पदच्छेद: of द्वितीयेऽप्यसति and mention the relevant rules.
Questions:
1. Where has √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the गीता?
Answer: √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) has been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the form तप्यन्ते ।
अशास्त्रविहितं घोरं तप्यन्ते ये तपो जनाः |
दम्भाहंकारसंयुक्ताः कामरागबलान्विताः || 17-5||
The विवक्षा is लँट्, प्रथम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्, therefore the प्रत्यय: is “झ”।
तप् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= तप् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= तप् + झ । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्।
= तप् + झे । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे।
= तप् + श्यन् + झे । By 3-1-69 दिवादिभ्यः श्यन् ।
= तप् + य + झे । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते , 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= तप् + य + अन्ते । By 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः।
= तप्यन्ते । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे।
2. Which सूत्रम् was used to do the क-वर्गादेश: in the form भिन्नदृक् (प्रातिपदिकम् “भिन्नदृश्”, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्)?
Answer: The क-वर्गादेश: in the form भिन्नदृक् (प्रातिपदिकम् “भिन्नदृश्”, पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्) is done by the सूत्रम् 8-2-62 क्विन्प्रत्ययस्य कुः।
भिन्नदृश् + सुँ ।
= भिन्नदृश् + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= भिन्नदृश् । सकार-लोपः by 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात् सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल्। Using 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्, भिन्नदृश् gets पद-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-14 सुप्तिङन्तं पदम्।
= भिन्नदृष् । By 8-2-36 व्रश्चभ्रस्जसृजमृजयजराजभ्राजच्छशां षः, the ending शकारः gets षकारः as a replacement, since it is at the end of a पदम् ।
= भिन्नदृड् । By 8-2-39 झलां जशोऽन्ते, a झल् letter occurring at the end of a पदम् is replaced by a जश् letter.
= भिन्नदृग् । By 8-2-62 क्विन्प्रत्ययस्य कुः, a धातु: that can take the affix क्विन्, takes a क-वर्ग: consonant as a replacement for its last letter, when it occurs at the end of a पदम्। The धातु: “दृश्” can take the affix क्विन् by 3-2-60 त्यदादिषु दृशोऽनालोचने कञ् च । This allows 8-2-62 क्विन्प्रत्ययस्य कुः to apply even though the affix क्विन् may not have been actually used in the present example. As per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः, the ending डकार: takes the closest substitute from the कवर्ग: which is the गकार:।
= भिन्नदृक् / भिन्नदृग् । By 8-4-56 वाऽवसाने, a झल् letter is optionally replaced by a चर् letter when nothing follows.
3. In the nine items in the conjugation table of √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) with लँट्, in which other form (besides तप्ये) does 6-1-97 अतो गुणे apply?
Answer: In the nine items in the conjugation table of √तप् (तपँ (दाहे) ऐश्वेर्ये वा, धातु-पाठः ४. ५४) with लँट्, 6-1-97 अतो गुणे applies to the form तप्यन्ते (प्रथम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्)। The derivation of तप्यन्ते is given in the answer to question # 1.
4. What is the purpose of adding टकार: as a इत् in the “इट्”-प्रत्यय:?
Answer: The काशिका gives the answer as follows – इटष्टकारः “३-४-१०६ इटोऽत्” इति विशेषणार्थः। The purpose of adding टकार: as a इत् in the “इट्”-प्रत्यय: is in order for पाणिनि: to be able to refer to this particular प्रत्यय: in the सूत्रम् 3-4-106 इटोऽत् । Without the टकार: as an इत्, the प्रत्यय: would be just be a इकार: and it would be difficult to distinguish this particular इकार: (from any other इकार:) in a सूत्रम्।
5. As we have seen in previous examples, the क्त्वा-प्रत्यय: is used when we have the same doer doing 7-1-37 समासेऽनञ्पूर्वे क्त्वो ल्यप्)। In this verse the word “उपाश्रित्य” ends in ल्यप्-प्रत्यय:। Who is/are the common doer(s)?
Answer: The common doer is the subject of the verb तप्ये which is अहम्।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“I am pleased by your good conduct.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “साधु” for “good”, use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “आचार” for “conduct” and use √तृप् (तृपँ प्रीणने ४. ९२) for “to be pleased.”
Answer: तव साधुना आचारेण तृप्यामि = तव साधुनाचारेण तृप्यामि।
Easy questions:
1. Can you spot two words in the verse in which 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः has been used?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः has been used in words दैवीम् and मायाम् ।
दैवी/माया + अम् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा……..।
दैवीम्/मायाम् । By 6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः, in place of a preceding अक् letter and the following vowel (अच्) belonging to the affix अम् there is a single substitute of that preceding अक् letter.
2. Do पदच्छेद: of द्वितीयेऽप्यसति and mention the relevant rules.
Answer: The पदच्छेद: of द्वितीयेऽप्यसति is द्वितीये + अपि + असति ।
द्वितीये + अपि = द्वितीयेऽपि । by 6-1-109 एङः पदान्तादति, when there is an एङ् letter at the end of a पदम् followed by a short “अ” letter, then in place of these two, there is a single substitute of the prior (एङ्) letter. (The loss of the “अ” letter is indicated by the symbol (ऽ) called अवग्रहः).
द्वितीयेऽपि + असति = द्वितीयेऽप्यसति । by 6-1-77 इको यणचि, when an अच् letter follows, then in place of a इक् letter a यण् letter is substituted.