Today we will look at the form ब्रूहि 2As-लोँट् from श्रीमद्वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् 6-120-2.
अमोघं दर्शनं राम तवास्माकं नरर्षभ ।
प्रीतियुक्ताः स्म तेन त्वं ब्रूहि यन्मनसेप्सितम् ।। ६-१२०-२ ।।
Gita Press translation “Your sight of us, O Rāma, a jewel among human beings, must not go in vain. We are pleased (with you). Therefore, speak out you, what is sought after by your mind.”
ब्रूहि is derived from the धातुः √ब्रू (अदादि-गणः, ब्रूञ् व्यक्तायां वाचि, धातु-पाठः #२. ३९).
The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् ।
In the धातु-पाठः, the √ब्रू-धातुः has one इत् letter which is the ञकार:। It gets the इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and hence takes लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोप:। Since ञकार: is an इत्, as per the सूत्रम् 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the √ब्रू-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the √ब्रू-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः।
In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as “√ब्रू” will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, √ब्रू-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।
Since the विवक्षा is मध्यम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “सिप्”।
(1) ब्रू + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च, the affix लोँट् comes after a धातुः when used in the sense of command/request.
(2) ब्रू + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) ब्रू + सिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “सिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “सिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(4) ब्रू + सि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(5) ब्रू + हि । By 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च , “सि” of लोँट् is substituted by “हि” and it is an अपित्। हि also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ । See question 4.
(6) ब्रू + शप् + हि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
(7) ब्रूहि । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः। See question 5.
Questions:
1. Where is ब्रूहि used in the गीता?
2. What would have been the final form in this example if a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: had been used?
3. Can you recall two सूत्रे (which we have studied) wherein पाणिनि: mentions the धातु: √ब्रू? Why didn’t either of them apply in this example? (Which condition was not satisfied?)
4. Why didn’t the ending इकार: of “हि” take the उकारादेश: by 3-4-86 एरुः?
5. Why didn’t the ending ऊकार: of the अङ्गम् “ब्रू” take the गुणादेश: by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“What you said is true.” Use यत्/तत्।
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of यन्मनसेप्सितम् and mention the relevant rules.
2. Where has 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः been used?
Questions:
1. Where is ब्रूहि used in the गीता?
कार्पण्यदोषोपहतस्वभावः पृच्छामि त्वां धर्मसम्मूढचेताः |
यच्छ्रेयः स्यान्निश्चितं ब्रूहि तन्मे शिष्यस्तेऽहं शाधि मां त्वां प्रपन्नम् || 2-7||
अर्जुन उवाच |
संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि |
यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम् || 5-1||
2. What would have been the final form in this example if a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: had been used?
Answer: The final form in this example if a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यय: had been used would have been ब्रूष्व।
ब्रू + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च।
ब्रू + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
ब्रू + थास् । By 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् । “थास्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
ब्रू + से । By 3-4-80 थासस्से, the थास्-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets “से” as the replacement. “से” also gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ।
ब्रू + स्व । By 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ, the एकारः of लोँट् which follows a सकारः or वकारः is replaced by “व” and “अम्” respectively.
ब्रू + शप् + स्व । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्।
ब्रू + स्व । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।
ब्रूष्व । षकारादेशः by 8-3-59 आदेश-प्रत्यययो:।
3. Can you recall two सूत्रे (which we have studied) wherein पाणिनि: mentions the धातु: √ब्रू? Why didn’t either of them apply in this example? (Which condition was not satisfied?)
Answer: The two सूत्रे (which we have studied) wherein पाणिनि: mentions the धातु: √ब्रू are:
(1) 3-4-84 ब्रुवः पञ्चानामादित आहो ब्रुवः, the first five affixes (तिप्, तस्, झि, सिप्, थस्) of लँट् following the verbal root √ब्रू (ब्रूञ् व्यक्तायां वाचि २. ३९) optionally get the first five णलादि-प्रत्ययाः (णल्, अतुस्, उस्, थल्, अथुस्) as replacements. As per 1-3-10 यथासङ्ख्यम् अनुदेशः समानाम्, the substitutions are done respectively. Simultaneously, “ब्रू” takes the substitution “आह्”। 3-4-84 ब्रुवः पञ्चानामादित आहो ब्रुवः did not apply here because the लकारः is लोँट् and not लँट्।
(2) 7-3-93 ब्रुव ईट्, when preceded by the verbal root √ब्रू (ब्रूञ् व्यक्तायां वाचि २. ३९), a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः which is हलादि: (beginning with a consonant) and is a पित्, gets ईट् as the augment. 7-3-93 ब्रुव ईट् did not apply here because the प्रत्ययः “हि” (सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ ) is an अपित् (by 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च = से: हि अपित् च) not a पित्।
4. Why didn’t the ending इकार: of “हि” take the उकारादेश: by 3-4-86 एरुः?
Answer: The सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – हिन्योरुत्वं न, इकारोच्चारण-सामर्थ्यात्। The इकार: of “हि” (prescribed by 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च) and “नि” (prescribed by 3-4-89 मेर्निः) does not get the उकारादेश: (by 3-4-86 एरुः) because of इकारोच्चारण-सामर्थ्यम्। इकारोच्चारण-सामर्थ्यम् means that the very fact that पाणिनि: has prescribed “हि” (when he could have directly prescribed “हु”) and “नि” (when he could have directly prescribed “नु”) means that he intends the इकार: to stay as a इकार: and not change to the उकार: (by 3-4-86 एरुः)।
5. Why didn’t the ending ऊकार: of the अङ्गम् “ब्रू” take the गुणादेश: by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः?
Answer: The प्रत्यय: “हि” which came as a substitute in place of the सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: “सि” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ and is अपित् (does not have पकार: as a इत्) because of 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च (= से: हि अपित् च)। Hence it becomes ङिद्वत् (as if it has ङकार: as a इत्) by 1-2-4 सार्वधातुकमपित्। Now 1-1-5 ग्क्ङिति च prevents the गुणादेश: for the ending ऊकार: of the अङ्गम् which would have taken place by 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“What you said is true.” Use यत्/तत्।
Answer: यत् अब्रवीः तत् सत्यम् = यदब्रवीस्तत्सत्यम्।
Easy questions:
1. Please do पदच्छेद: of यन्मनसेप्सितम् and mention the relevant rules.
Answer: The पदच्छेद: of यन्मनसेप्सितम् is यत् + मनसा + ईप्सितम्।
यत् + मनसा।
यद् + मनसा । By 8-2-39 झलां जशो ऽन्ते, when a झल् letter occurs at the end of a पदम् it is replaced by a जश् letter.
यन् + मनसा = यन्मनसा । By 8-4-45 यरोऽनुनासिकेऽनुनासिको वा, when a nasal sound follows, then a यर् letter at the end of a पदम् is optionally substituted by a nasal. (Even though the rule is optional, as a convention it is always followed in classical Sanskrit.)
यन्मनसा + ईप्सितम् = यन्मनसेप्सितम् । By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः, n place of a preceding (long or short) अ letter and a following अच् letter, there is a single substitute of a गुण letter (अ, ए, ओ).
2. Where has 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः been used?
Answer: 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः been used in the formation of तेन (नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-एकवचनम्)।
तद् + टा । 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्… ।
त अ + टा । By 7-2-102 त्यदादीनामः, the ending letter (see 1-1-52 अलोऽन्त्यस्य) of the pronouns, starting with “त्यद्” and ending with “द्वि”, is replaced by a अकार: when followed by a विभक्ति: affix.
त + टा । By 6-1-97 अतो गुणे, in the place of a अकार: which is not at the end of a पदम्, and the following गुण: letter, there is single substitute of the latter (the गुण: letter.)
त + इन । By 7-1-12 टाङसिङसामिनात्स्याः, following a अङ्गम् ending in a अकार:, the affixes “टा”, “ङसिँ” and “ङस्” are replaced respectively by “इन”, “आत्” and “स्य”।
तेन। By 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।