Today we will look at the form द्विपाः mNp from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 11.30.15.

पतत्पताकै रथकुञ्जरादिभिः खरोष्ट्रगोभिर्महिषैर्नरैरपि । मिथः समेत्याश्वतरैः सुदुर्मदा न्यहञ्छरैर्दद्भिरिव द्विपा वने ।। ११-३०-१५ ।।
प्रद्युम्नसाम्बौ युधि रूढमत्सरावक्रूरभोजावनिरुद्धसात्यकी । सुभद्रसङ्ग्रामजितौ सुदारुणौ गदौ सुमित्रासुरथौ समीयतुः ।। ११-३०-१६ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
पतन्त्य इतस्ततश्चलन्त्यः पताका येषु तै रथादिभिर्मिथः समेत्य न्यहन्न्यघ्नन्नित्यर्थः । दद्भिर्दन्तैरिव ।। १५ ।। मिथः समेत्येत्यस्य प्रपञ्चः – प्रद्युम्नेत्यादिचतुर्भिः । गदौ श्रीकृष्णस्य भ्राता एकः, पुत्रश्चापरस्तौ । सुमित्रासुरथाविति दैर्घ्यमार्षम् । असुरथनामा वा कश्चित् ।। १६ ।।

Gita Press translation – Closing with one another in chariots and on elephants etc., as well as on (the back of) donkeys, camels, bulls, buffaloes and mules and men, bearing ensigns that fluttered in the breeze, the highly intoxicated warriors hit one another with arrows even as elephants in a forest would strike one another with their tusks (15). Pradyumna closed on the battle-field with Sāmba, Akrūra with Bhoja, Aniruddha with Sātyaki, Subhadra with Saṅgrāmajit, Gada (Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s brother) with Śrī Kṛṣṇa’s son of the same name and Sumitra with Āśuratha. All the pairs looked very fierce, their rancor having grown very intense (16).

द्वाभ्यां पिबतीति द्विपः।

“प” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √पा (पा पाने १. १०७४).

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “द्विप” is derived as follows:

(1) द्वि + भ्याम् + पा + क । By 3-2-4 सुपि स्थः – This rule is split in to two parts. The first part is सुपि – When in composition with a पदम् which ends in a सुप् affix (ref. 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा..), a verbal root which ends in a आकारः may take the affix “क”। (We don’t need the second part of the सूत्रम् in the present example.)

Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-4 (सुपि), the term सुपि ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “द्वि + भ्याम्” gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌ – The designation उपपदम् is applied to a term which denotes a thing – like a pot etc. – which is present (as the thing to be expressed) in a word ending in the locative case in the सूत्रम्।

(2) द्वि + भ्याम् + पा + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) द्वि + भ्याम् + प् + अ । By 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च – The ending आकार: of an अङ्गम् takes लोप: when followed by a vowel-beginning आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: that has either: (i) a “इट्”-आगम: or (ii) a ककार: or ङकार: as a इत्।

(4) द्वि + भ्याम् + प । We form a compound between “द्वि + भ्याम्” (which is the उपपदम्) and “प” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “द्वि + भ्याम्”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “प”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.
In the compound, “द्वि + भ्याम्” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “द्वि + भ्याम्” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“द्वि + भ्याम् + प” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) द्विप । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्।

(6) द्विप + जस् । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) द्विप + अस् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। 1-3-4 न विभक्तौ तुस्माः prevents the ending सकारः of “जस्” from getting इत्-सञ्ज्ञा।

(8) द्विपास् । 6-1-102 प्रथमयो: पूर्वसवर्ण: – When an अक् letter is followed by a vowel (अच्) of the first (nominative) or second (accusative) case then for the two of them (अक् + अच्) there is a single substitute which is the elongated form of the first member (the अक् letter.)

(9) द्विपाः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-4 सुपि स्थः (used in step 1) been used in the first ten verses of Chapter Seventeen of the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-4 सुपि स्थः, the तत्त्वबोधिनी says सुबिति प्रत्याहारो गृह्यते, न तु सप्तमीबहुवचम्। Please explain.

3. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-4 सुपि स्थः, the काशिका says इत उत्तरं कर्मणीति च सुपीति च द्वयमप्यनुवर्तते। तत्र सकर्मकेषु धातुषु कर्मणीत्येतदुपतिष्ठते। अन्यत्र सुपीति। Please explain.

4. Which सूत्रम् is used for the घकारादेश: in the form न्यघ्नन् (used in the commentary)?

5. From which verbal root is समीयतुः derived?

6. How would you say this in this Sanskrit?
“An elephant drinks with his (own) trunk and mouth.”

Easy Questions:

1. Please list the steps in the सन्धि-कार्यम् between  न्यहन् + शरै: =  न्यहञ्छरै:।

2. Can you spot a place in the verses where a रेफ: (the letter ‘र्’) has been elided (लोप:)?