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जुह्वति 3Ap-लँट्

Today we will look at the form जुह्वति 3Ap-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb7-15-9.

एके कर्ममयान्यज्ञान्ज्ञानिनो यज्ञवित्तमाः ।
आत्मसंयमनेऽनीहा जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते ।। ७-१५-९ ।।

Gita Press translation “(That is why) some wise men, (who are) foremost among the knowers of the truth about sacrifices and free from desire offer sacrifices consisting of rituals into the fire of self-control kindled by Knowledge (of the Self). (That is to say, they completely withdraw themselves from external rituals.)”

जुह्वति is derived from the धातुः √हु (हु दानादनयोः । आदाने चेत्येके । प्रीणनेऽपीति भाष्यम्, जुहोत्यादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #३. १)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोगः, प्रथम-पुरुषः, बहुवचनम्।

In the धातु-पाठः, the √हु-धातुः has no इत् letters. It is devoid of any indications for bringing in आत्मनेपद-प्रत्यया:। Therefore, as per 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम्, the √हु-धातुः, in कर्तरि प्रयोग:, will take the परस्मैपद-प्रत्यया: by default. As per 1-4-99 लः परस्मैपदम्, 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “तिप्” to “मस्” get the परस्मैपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So √हु-धातुः can take only one of these nine प्रत्यया: in कर्तरि प्रयोग:। Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-बहुवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “झि”।

(1) हु + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट् – the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) हु + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) हु + झि । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “झि” as the substitute for the लकारः। “झि” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) हु + शप् + झि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌ – the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(5) हु + झि । By 2-4-75 जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः – the “शप”-प्रत्यय: following the verbal roots “हु” etc. gets “श्लु” (elision).

(6) हु + हु + झि । By 6-1-10 श्लौ – A verbal root when followed by “श्लु” gets reduplicated.

(7) झु + हु + झि । By 7-4-62 कुहोश्चुः – in reduplication (अभ्यासः), a letter of the कवर्गः or हकारः is replaced by a letter of the चवर्गः । The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः
(क्, ख्, ग्, घ्, ङ्, ह्) are replaced by (च्, छ्, ज्, झ्, ञ्, झ्) respectively.
See question 2.

(8) झु हु + अत् इ । By 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्‌ – the झकारः of a प्रत्ययः that follows a reduplicated root is substituted by ‘अत्’। ‘झुहु’ gets अभ्यस्तसञ्ज्ञा by 6-1-5 उभे अभ्यस्तम् – the double words that result due to the doubling done using the rules of the sixth chapter (from 6-1-1 एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य to 6-1-12 दाश्वान् साह्वान् मीढ्वांश्च), together get the अभ्यस्तम् designation.
See easy question 2.

(9) झुह् व् + अत् इ । By 6-4-87 हुश्नुवोः सार्वधातुके – the वकारः is the replacement for उकारः of the √हु-धातुः or for the उकारः at the end of an अङ्गम् that is अनेकाच् (has more than one vowel) and ends in the श्नु-प्रत्यय:, provided
i) a conjunct consonant does not precede the उकारः।
ii) a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः beginning with a vowel follows the उकारः।
See question 3.

(10) जुह्वति । By 8-4-54 अभ्यासे चर्च् – in reduplication (अभ्यासः), a letter of the झल्-प्रत्याहारः is substituted by a letter of the चर्-प्रत्याहारः or जश्-प्रत्याहारः। The substitutions take place as per 1-1-50 स्थानेऽन्तरतमः

Questions:

1. Where has जुह्वति been used in the गीता?

2. By which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: define अभ्यासः?

3. In the absence of 6-4-87 हुश्नुवोः सार्वधातुके, which सूत्रम् would have applied in step 9?

4. Can you recall another (besides 6-1-5 उभे अभ्यस्तम् and 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्‌) सूत्रम् (which we have studied) wherein पाणिनि: uses the term “अभ्यस्त”?

5. In which सूत्रम् used in the steps in this example has the सूत्रम् 7-3-119 अच्च घेः been used?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Let there be peace and harmony in the world.” Use the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “ऐक्य” for “harmony.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a शी-आदेश: in the verse?

2. In the absence of 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्‌, which सूत्रम् would have applied in step 8?


1 Comment

  1. Questions:

    1. Where has जुह्वति been used in the गीता?
    दैवमेवापरे यज्ञं योगिनः पर्युपासते |
    ब्रह्माग्नावपरे यज्ञं यज्ञेनैवोपजुह्वति || 4-25||
    श्रोत्रादीनीन्द्रियाण्यन्ये संयमाग्निषु जुह्वति |
    शब्दादीन्विषयानन्य इन्द्रियाग्निषु जुह्वति || 4-26||
    सर्वाणीन्द्रियकर्माणि प्राणकर्माणि चापरे |
    आत्मसंयमयोगाग्नौ जुह्वति ज्ञानदीपिते || 4-27||
    अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे |
    प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः || 4-29||
    अपरे नियताहाराः प्राणान्प्राणेषु जुह्वति |
    सर्वेऽप्येते यज्ञविदो यज्ञक्षपितकल्मषाः || 4-30||

    2. By which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: define अभ्यासः?
    Answer: पाणिनि: prescribes द्वित्वम् (duplication) in two sections in the अष्टाध्यायी – one is from 6-1-1 एकाचो द्वे प्रथमस्य to 6-1-12 दाश्वान् साह्वान् मीढ्वांश्च and the other is from 8-1-1 सर्वस्य द्वे to 8-1-15 द्वन्द्वं रहस्यमर्यादावचनव्युत्क्रमणयज्ञपात्रप्रयोगाभिव्यक्तिषु.
    The term “अभ्यास:” is defined by 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः – With regard to the reduplication prescribed in the section from 6-1-1 to 6-1-12, the first of the two parts gets the name अभ्यास: (reduplicate.)
    The term “अभ्यास: does not apply to the section from 8-1-1 to 8-1-15.

    3. In the absence of 6-4-87 हुश्नुवोः सार्वधातुके, which सूत्रम् would have applied in step 9?
    Answer: In the absence of 6-4-87 हुश्नुवोः सार्वधातुके, the सूत्रम् 6-4-77 अचि श्नुधातुभ्रुवां य्वोरियँङुवँङौ (If a प्रत्यय: beginning with an अच् (vowel) follows, then the (ending letter of the) अङ्गम् is replaced by इयँङ्/उवँङ् in the following three cases – (1) If the अङ्गम् ends in the प्रत्यय: “श्नु” or (2) If the अङ्गम् ends in the इवर्ण: or उवर्ण: of a धातु: or (3) If the अङ्गम् is the word “भ्रू”) would have applied in step 9 giving the undesired final result जुहुवति

    4. Can you recall another (besides 6-1-5 उभे अभ्यस्तम् and 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्) सूत्रम् (which we have studied) wherein पाणिनि: uses the term “अभ्यस्त”?
    Answer: पाणिनि: specifically mentions the term “अभ्यस्त” in the following two सूत्रे (besides 6-1-5 उभे अभ्यस्तम् and 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्) which we have studied –
    (1) 3-4-109 सिजभ्यस्तविदिभ्यश्च, there is a substitution of “जुस्” in place of the “झि”-प्रत्यय: that has come in place of a ङित्-लकार: (a लकार: which has ङकार: as an इत्) in the following three cases:
    i. The “झि”-प्रत्यय: follows the “सिच्”-प्रत्यय:
    ii. The “झि”-प्रत्यय: follows a term that has the अभ्यस्त-सञ्ज्ञा
    iii. The “झि”-प्रत्यय: follows √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने, धातु-पाठः #२. ५९)
    (2) 7-1-78 नाभ्यस्ताच्छतुः, the शतृँ affix that follows an अभ्यस्तम् does not get the नुँम् augment.

    5. In which सूत्रम् used in the steps in this example has the सूत्रम् 7-3-119 अच्च घेः been used?
    Answer: The सूत्रम् 7-3-119 अच्च घेः is been used in the सूत्रम् 6-1-10 श्लौ ।
    श्लौ (प्रातिपदिकम् “श्लु”, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।
    श्लु + ङि । 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्यां…। The अङ्गम् “श्लु” has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि – When a short “इ” ending or short “उ” ending term – except for “सखि” – does not have the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा then it gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा।
    श्ल + औ । By 7-3-119 अच्च घेः, following a short “इ” or short “उ” ending अङ्गम्, the affix “ङि” is replaced by “औ” and the (ending letter “इ” or “उ” of the) अङ्गम् which has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा is replaced by short “अ”।
    श्लौ । By 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि ।

    6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “Let there be peace and harmony in the world.” Use the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “ऐक्य” for “harmony.”
    Answer: जगति/लोके/संसारे शान्तिः ऐक्यम् च स्याताम् । = जगति/लोके/संसारे शान्तिरैक्यं च स्याताम् ।

    Easy questions:
    1. Can you spot a शी-आदेश: in the verse?
    Answer: शी-आदेश: (by the सूत्रम् 7-1-17 जसः शी) is used in the formation of एके (पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-बहुवचनम्, सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “एक”) ।
    एक + जस्।
    एक + शी । शी-आदेश: by 7-1-17 जसः शी, following a pronoun ending in short “अ” the nominative plural ending “जस्” is replaced by “शी”। As per 1-1-55 अनेकाल्शित्सर्वस्य, the entire जस्-प्रत्यय: is replaced by “शी”।
    एक + ई । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
    एके । 6-1-87 आद्गुणः।

    2. In the absence of 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्, which सूत्रम् would have applied in step 8?
    Answer: In the absence of 7-1-4 अदभ्यस्तात्, the सूत्रम् 7-1-3 झोऽन्तः would have applied in step 8, giving the undesired final form जुह्वन्ति

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