Today we will look at the form विभो mVs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.23.29.
पत्न्य ऊचुः
मैवं विभोऽर्हति भवान्गदितुं नृशंसं सत्यं कुरुष्व निगमं तव पदमूलम् । प्राप्ता वयं तुलसिदाम पदावसृष्टं केशैर्निवोढुमतिलङ्घ्य समस्तबन्धून् ।। १०-२३-२९ ।।
गृह्णन्ति नो न पतयः पितरौ सुता वा न भ्रातृबन्धुसुहृदः कुत एव चान्ये । तस्माद्भवत्प्रपदयोः पतितात्मनां नो नान्या भवेद्गतिररिन्दम तद्विधेहि ।। १०-२३-३० ।।
श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
नृशंसं परुषम् । निगमं प्रतिज्ञां – ‘न मे भक्तः प्रणश्यति’ इति । वेदं वा – ‘न स पुनरावर्तते’ इति । पदावसृष्टमवज्ञयापि दत्तम् । बहुमानेन केशैर्निवोढुं दासीभवितुम् ।। २९ ।। किंच न गृह्णन्ति नोऽस्मान् । हे अरिन्दम कामलोभपापादिदमन, भवत: प्रपदयोः पादाग्रयोः पतितदेहानामन्या स्वर्गादिगतिरपि न भवेन्मा भूत् । तत्तस्माद्दास्यमेव विधेहीति ।। ३० ।।
Gita Press translation – The wives (of the Brāhmaṇas) said: It is not becoming of You, O almighty Lord, to utter such cruel words. (Pray) vindicate the Vedic dictum, “One does not return” (on having attained to Me). Ignoring all our near and dear ones we have sought the soles of Your feet in order to wear on our locks the wreath of Tulasi leaves kicked off (even indifferently at us) by You (29). Neither our husbands, parents, and sons, nor our brothers, kinsmen and other relations would accept us; how, then, would others receive us? Therefore, (pray) so ordain, O subduer of foes, that no other asylum may be left to us, whose body has fallen down at the fore part of Your feet (30).
विभवतीति विभु: (व्यापक:)।
The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विभु’ is derived from the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १).
(1) वि भू + डु । By 3-2-180 विप्रसम्भ्यो ड्वसंज्ञायाम् – The affix ‘डु’ may be used following the verbal root √भू (भू सत्तायाम् १. १) when preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ or ‘प्र’ or ‘सम्’, as long as the word so derived is not a proper name.
Note: The affix ‘डु’ is used कर्तरि (to denote the agent) as per 3-4-67 कर्तरि कृत् – The affixes designated as कृत् are used to denote the agent.
(2) वि भू + उ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) वि भ् + उ = विभु । By 6-4-143 टेः – When the अङ्गम् has the भ-सञ्ज्ञा, then its टि portion takes लोप: when followed by an affix that has डकारः as an indicatory letter. Note: The अङ्गम् does not have the भ-सञ्ज्ञा here. But still टि-लोप: is done because otherwise no purpose would be served by having डकार: as a इत् in “डु”। डित्वसामर्थ्यादभस्यापि टेर्लोपः।
The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे सम्बुद्धिः।
(4) (हे) विभु + सुँ (सम्बुद्धिः) । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…। The affix “सुँ” has the सम्बुद्धि-सञ्ज्ञा here by 2-3-49 एकवचनं संबुद्धिः।
(5) (हे) विभु + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(6) (हे) विभो + स् । By 7-3-108 ह्रस्वस्य गुण: – When the सम्बुद्धि: affix follows, there is a गुण: substitute for the (ending letter of) of an अङ्गम् ending in a short vowel.
(7) (हे) विभो । By 6-1-69 एङ्ह्रस्वात् सम्बुद्धेः – Following an अङ्गम् ending in एङ् (“ए” or “ओ”) or a short vowel, a consonant is dropped if it belongs to a सम्बुद्धि: affix.
Questions:
1. In which two chapters of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विभु’ been used?
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-180 विप्रसम्भ्यो ड्वसंज्ञायाम् (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says – संज्ञायां तु विभूर्नाम कश्चित् । Please explain.
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-1 कर्मण्यण् been used in the verses?
4. Can you spot the augment मुँम् in the verses?
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the एकारादेश: in विधेहि?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is nothing here on earth or even in heaven that is not pervaded by the Lord (the one who pervades.)” Use a passive participle form of the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६) with the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ for ‘pervaded.’
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ been used in the verses?
2. Can you spot the affix ‘श्ना’ in the verses?
1. In which two chapters of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विभु’ been used?
Answer: The प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विभु’ has been used in the following verses:
नादत्ते कस्यचित्पापं न चैव सुकृतं विभुः ।
अज्ञानेनावृतं ज्ञानं तेन मुह्यन्ति जन्तवः ।। 5-15 ।।
The विवक्षा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् ।
अर्जुन उवाच
परं ब्रह्म परं धाम पवित्रं परमं भवान् ।
पुरुषं शाश्वतं दिव्यमादिदेवमजं विभुम् ।। 10-12 ।।
The विवक्षा is द्वितीया-एकवचनम् ।
2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-180 विप्रसम्भ्यो ड्वसंज्ञायाम् (used in step 1) the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says – संज्ञायां तु विभूर्नाम कश्चित् । Please explain.
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-2-180 विप्रसम्भ्यो ड्वसंज्ञायाम् contains the condition असंज्ञायाम् – meaning that the affix ‘डु’ cannot be used to derive a word which is a proper name. When deriving a proper name we have to use the affix क्विँप् prescribed by the prior सूत्रम् 3-2-179 भुवः संज्ञान्तरयोः। For example –
वि + भू + क्विँप् । By 3-2-179 भुवः संज्ञान्तरयोः।
= वि + भू + व् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= विभू । By 6-1-67 वेरपृक्तस्य। ‘विभू’ gets the प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च with the help of 1-1-62 प्रत्ययलोपे प्रत्ययलक्षणम्।
The विवक्षा in विभू: is पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
विभू + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…………।
= विभू + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= विभू: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।
3. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-1 कर्मण्यण् been used in the verses?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 3-2-1 कर्मण्यण् has been used in the form नृशंसम् ।
Please see the following post for the derivation of the form नृशंसम् – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/05/नृशंसम्-nas/
4. Can you spot the augment मुँम् in the verses?
Answer: The augment मुँम् is seen in the form अरिन्दम ।
अरीन् दमयतीति अरिन्दमः।
Note: अन्तर्भावितण्यर्थो दमि: सकर्मको भवति – Even though the causative affix णिच् (ref. 3-1-26 हेतुमति च) is not explicitly used in the derivation (below) it is understood to be included in the meaning of the verbal root √दम् (दमुँ उपशमे ४.१००). This verbal root is intransitive (does not take an object) but the implicit inclusion of the causative affix णिच् here makes it transitive (capable of taking an object.)
‘दम’ is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √दम् (दमुँ उपशमे ४.१००).
The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् ‘अरिंदम/अरिन्दम’ is derived as follows:
अरि + आम् + दम् + खच् । By 3-2-46 संज्ञायां भृतॄवृजिधारिसहितपिदमः।
Note: The term कर्मणि (which comes as अनुवृत्ति: in to the सूत्रम् 3-2-46 from the सूत्रम् 3-2-1) ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence ‘अरि + आम्’ (which is the object (कर्म-पदम्) of दमयति) gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्।
Note: A sixth case affix ‘आम्’ is used here as per 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति – To express the agent or the object (of an action), a nominal stem takes a sixth case affix when the nominal stem is used in conjunction with a term which ends in a कृत् affix. (This is what is called as कृद्योगे षष्ठी)।
= अरि + आम् + दम् + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= अरि + आम् + दम ।
We form a compound between ‘अरि आम्’ (which is the उपपदम्) and ‘दम’ by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्। In the compound, ‘अरि आम्’ is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्। Note: Here ‘अरि आम्’ is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case ‘उपपदम्’) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation ‘उपसर्जन’।
‘अरि आम् + दम’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च।
= अरि + दम । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः।
= अरि मुँम् + दम । By 6-3-67 अरुर्द्विषदजन्तस्य मुम् – When followed by a उत्तरपदम् (latter member of a compound) which ends in a खित् (having the letter ‘ख्’ as a इत्) affix, the पूर्वपदम् (prior member of a compound) takes the augment मुँम् provided the following two conditions are satisfied:
(i) the पूर्वपदम् is either ‘अरुस्’, ‘द्विषत्’ or ends in a अच् (vowel)
(ii) the पूर्वपदम् is not a अव्ययम्
As per 1-1-47 मिदचोऽन्त्यात्परः, the मुँम् augment joins after the last vowel (the letter ‘इ’) of ‘अरि’।
= अरिम् + दम । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= अरिं दम । By 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः।
= अरिन्दम/अरिंदम । By 8-4-59 वा पदान्तस्य।
The विवक्षा in (हे) अरिन्दम is पुंलिङ्गे, सम्बुद्धि:।
5. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the एकारादेश: in विधेहि?
Answer: The सूत्रम् 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च prescribes the एकारादेश: in विधेहि derived from the verbal root √धा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः, डुधाञ् धारणपोषणयोः | दान इत्यप्येके ३. ११) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’।
Please see answer to question 5 in the following comment for derivation of the form विधेहि – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/02/02/विज्ञापयामासु-3ap-लिँट्/#comment-3212
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“There is nothing here on earth or even in heaven that is not pervaded by the Lord (the one who pervades.)” Use a passive participle form of the verbal root √आप् (आपॢँ व्याप्तौ ५. १६) with the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ for ‘pervaded.’
Answer: यद् विभुना न व्याप्तम् तद् इह पृथिव्याम् दिवि अपि वा न अस्ति = यद् विभुना न व्याप्तं तदिह पृथिव्यां दिव्यपि वा नास्ति।
Easy questions:
1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ been used in the verses?
Answer: The meaning of the सूत्रम् 3-4-91 सवाभ्यां वामौ is – The letter ‘ए’ of लोँट् which follows the letter ‘स्’ or ‘व्’ is replaced by ‘व’ and ‘अम्’ respectively. This सूत्रम् has been used in the form कुरुष्व।
Please see to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form कुरुष्व – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/08/14/तपस्यसि-2as-लँट्/#comment-4202
2. Can you spot the affix ‘श्ना’ in the verses?
Answer: The affix ‘श्ना’ is seen in the form गृह्णन्ति।
Please see answer to question 4 in the following comment for derivation of the form गृह्णन्ति – http://avg-sanskrit.org/2012/10/16/निशाचर-mvs/#comment-5534