Today we will look at the form भास्करः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 10.70.15.

गृहीत्वा पाणिना पाणी सारथेस्तमथारुहत् । सात्यक्युद्धवसंयुक्तः पूर्वाद्रिमिव भास्करः ।। १०-७०-१५ ।।
ईक्षितोऽन्तःपुरस्त्रीणां सव्रीडप्रेमवीक्षितैः । कृच्छ्राद्विसृष्टो निरगाज्जातहासो हरन्मनः ।। १०-७०-१६ ।।
सुधर्माख्यां सभां सर्वैर्वृष्णिभिः परिवारितः । प्राविशद्यन्निविष्टानां न सन्त्यङ्ग षडूर्मयः ।। १०-७०-१७ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
पाणी कृताञ्जली गृहीत्वा ।। १५ ।। सव्रीडप्रेमवीक्षितैरीक्षितः क्षणं स्थितस्ताभिरेव वीक्षितैः कृच्छ्राद्विसृष्टो निरगादिति ।। १६ ।। एवं सर्वगृहेभ्यः पृथक्पृथङ्निर्गत्यानन्तरमेक एव सन्सुधर्मां प्राविशत् । यन्निविष्टानां यत्र प्रविष्टानाम् ।। १७ ।।

Gita Press translation – Holding the charioteer’s hands in His own hand, Śrī Kṛṣṇa would then (proceed to) mount the chariot accompanied by Sātyaki and Uddhava, even as the sun ascends the eastern hills (15). Watched with bashful and affectionate glances by the ladies of the gynaeceum and reluctantly permitted by them to go, the Lord would smile at them (for a moment) and, thus captivating their heart, would sally forth (to the Council Hall) (16). Parīkṣit, surrounded by all the Yadus, Śrī Kṛṣṇa would (then) enter the Hall bearing the name of Sudharmā, the inmates of which would not experience (for the time being) the six waves of existence (viz., hunger and thirst, grief and delusion, old age and death) (17).

भासं करोतीति भास्करः ।

“कर” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे, # ८. १०).

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “भास्कर” is derived as follows:

(1) भास् + ङस् + कृ + ट । By 3-2-21 दिवाविभानिशाप्रभाभास्कारान्तानन्तादिबहुनान्दीकिंलिपिलिबिबलिभक्तिकर्तृचित्रक्षेत्रसंख्याजङ्घाबाह्वहर्यत्तद्धनुररुष्षु – The affix ‘ट’ may employed after the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे, # ८. १०) when in composition with one of the following – ‘दिवा’ “by day”, ‘विभा’ “light”, ‘निशा’ “night”, ‘प्रभा’ “splendor”, ‘भास्’ “light”, ‘कार’ “work”, ‘अन्त’ “end”, ‘अनन्त’ “endless”, ‘आदि’ “beginning”, ‘बहु’ “much”, ‘नान्दी’ “benediction”, ‘किम्’ “what”, ‘लिपि’ “writing”, ‘लिबि’ “writing”, ‘बलि’ “oblation”, ‘भक्ति’ “devotion”, ‘कर्तृ’ “agent”, ‘चित्र’ “painting”, ‘क्षेत्र’ “field”, words denoting numerals, ‘जङ्घा’ “thigh”, ‘बाहु’ “hand”, ‘अहर्’ “day”, ‘यत्’ “what”, ‘तत्’ “that”, ‘धनुस्’ “bow” and ‘अरुस्’ “wound”.

Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-21 the term दिवाविभानिशाप्रभाभास्कारान्तानन्तादिबहुनान्दीकिंलिपिलिबिबलिभक्तिकर्तृचित्रक्षेत्रसंख्याजङ्घाबाह्वहर्यत्तद्धनुररुष्षु ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “भास् + ङस्” gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌ – The designation उपपदम् is applied to a term which denotes a thing – like a pot etc. – which is present (as the thing to be expressed) in a word ending in the locative case in the सूत्रम्।
Note: The affix “ङस्” is used here as per 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति – To express the agent or the object (of an action), a nominal stem takes a sixth case affix when the nominal stem is used in conjunction with a term which ends in a कृत् affix. (This is what is called as कृद्योगे षष्ठी)।

(2) भास् + ङस् + कृ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-7 चुटू and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) भास् + ङस् + कर् अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

= भास् + ङस् + कर

We form a compound between “भास् + ङस्” (which is the उपपदम्) and “कर” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “भास् + ङस्”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “कर”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.

In the compound, “भास् + ङस्” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “भास् + ङस्” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“भास् + ङस् + कर” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(4) भास् + कर । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

= भास्कर । See questions 2 and 3 and also advanced question.

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(5) भास्कर + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(6) भास्कर + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(7) भास्करः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. In which verse of the गीता has the प्रातिपदिकम् “भास्” been used twice?

2. Why doesn’t 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः apply after step 4? The काशिका gives the following reasoning – सकारस्य निपातनाद् विसर्जनीयजिह्वामूलीयौ न भवतः। Please explain.

3. Could we have used 8-3-46 अतः कृकमिकंसकुम्भपात्रकुशाकर्णीष्वनव्ययस्य for the सकारादेश: in भास्करः? In answer to this the धातुवृत्ति: says – ‘8-3-46 अतः कृकमि..’ इति सत्वं तपरनिर्देशान्न प्राप्नोति। Please explain.

4. The verbal root √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०) has been used in which तिङन्तं पदम् in the verses?

5. Why is आरुहत् a आर्ष-प्रयोग:? What would be the grammatically correct form?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The Sun has infinite rays.” Paraphrase to “Infinite rays of the Sun exist.” Use the adjective प्रातिपदिकम् “अनन्त” for “infinite (endless.)”

Advanced question:

1. Commenting on the सकार: in भास्करः, the सिद्धान्त-कौमुदी says – कस्कादित्वात्स:। Please explain. Hint: The reference is to the सूत्रम् 8-3-48 कस्कादिषु च। (We have not studied this सूत्रम् in the class.)

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-102 प्रथमयोः पूर्वसवर्णः been used in the verses?

2. Which सूत्रम् is used for the substitution “ना” in the form पाणिना?