Today we will look at the form शङ्करः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.4.1.

मैत्रेय उवाच
एतावदुक्त्वा विरराम शङ्करः पत्न्यङ्गनाशं ह्युभयत्र चिन्तयन् । सुहृद्दिदृक्षुः परिशङ्किता भवान्निष्क्रामती निर्विशती द्विधास सा ।। ४-४-१ ।।
सुहृद्दिदृक्षाप्रतिघातदुर्मनाः स्नेहाद्रुदत्यश्रुकलातिविह्वला । भवं भवान्यप्रतिपूरुषं रुषा प्रधक्ष्यतीवैक्षत जातवेपथुः ।। ४-४-२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
चतुर्थे तु पतिं हित्वा गता पित्रावमानिता ।। रुषा निर्भर्त्स्य तं यज्ञे जहौ देहमितीर्यते ।। १ ।। उभयत्रानुज्ञाने बलान्निवारणे च । सुहृद्दिदृक्षुर्निष्क्रामन्ती भवात्परिशङ्किता पुनर्निर्विशन्ती च तदा सा सती द्विधा आस बभूव । न गता न च स्थिता आन्दोलावद्गतिरभवत् ।। १ ।। सुहृदां दिदृक्षायाः प्रतिघातेन दुर्मनाः । अश्रूणां कलाभिर्लेशैरतिविह्वला व्याकुला । अप्रतिपूरुषं स्वसमानपुषान्तररहितम् । प्रधक्ष्यतीव भस्मीकरिष्यतीव रुषा जातो वेपथुः कम्पो यस्याः ।। २ ।।

Maitreya continued: Having said this much, Lord Śaṅkara (the Bestower of happiness) became silent; for He thought the death of His consort was inevitable in either case (whether she proceeded to her father’s house or stayed behind.) (As for the latter) she swung like a pendulum, (now) sallying forth in her eagerness to see her relations and (now) returning for fear of Lord Śiva (the Source of the universe) (1). Vexed at the thwarting of her desire to see her relations and overpowered with emotion, she burst into tears and wept. Shaking with anger, Satī (the spouse of Lord Bhava) looked at her peerless lord, Bhava, as if she would burn Him (2).

शं करोतीति शङ्करः ।

“कर” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √कृ (डुकृञ् करणे, # ८. १०).

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “शङ्कर” is derived as follows:

(1) शम् + कृ + अच् । By 3-2-14 शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम् – To derive a word which is a proper name, the affix ‘अच्’ may employed after any verbal root when in composition with शम्। (We have not discussed this सूत्रम् in the class.) Note: शम् is a अव्ययम् meaning “welfare/happiness.”

Note: In the सूत्रम् 3-2-14 शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम् the term शमि ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence शम् gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌ – The designation उपपदम् is applied to a term which denotes a thing – like a pot etc. – which is present (as the thing to be expressed) in a word ending in the locative case in the सूत्रम्।

(2) शम् + कृ + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) शम् + कर् अ । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, an अङ्गम् whose final letter is an इक् gets गुण-आदेशः, when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: or an आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: follows. By 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः, in the place of ऋवर्ण: if an अण् letter (“अ”, “इ”, “उ”) comes as a substitute, it is always followed by a “रँ” (“र्”, “ल्”) letter.

= शम् + कर

We form a compound between “शम्” (which is the उपपदम्) and “कर” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “शम्”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “कर”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.

In the compound, शम् is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here शम् is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”।
“शम् + कर” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds gets the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) शं + कर । By 8-3-23 मोऽनुस्वारः।

(6) शङ्कर/शंकर । By 8-4-59 वा पदान्तस्य।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(6) शङ्कर + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) शङ्कर + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) शङ्करः । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 3-2-14 शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम् been used in the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-2-14 शमि धातोः संज्ञायाम्, the सिद्धान्तकौमुदी says – पुनर्धातुग्रहणं बाधकविषयेऽपि प्रवृत्त्यर्थम्। कृञो हेत्वादिषु टो मा भूत्। Please explain. (Hint: Refer to the सूत्रम् 3-2-20 कृञो हेतुताच्छील्यानुलोम्येषु।)

3. Which सूत्रम् justifies the use of a परस्मैपदम् affix in the form विरराम?

4. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-90 आटश्च been used in a तिङन्तं पदम् in the verses?

5. In the verses, can you spot a अव्ययम् which is a तिङन्त-प्रतिरूपकम् (mimics a तिङन्तम्)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Lord Śaṅkara bears a trident in (his) hand and a digit of the moon on (his) forehead.”

 

Easy Questions:

1. Where has the affix “ङसिँ” been used in the verses?

2. In the commentary, can you spot a प्रातिपदिकम् which ends in a ऋकार:?