Today we will look at the form कृतज्ञः mNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 4.31.22.

न भजति कुमनीषिणां स इज्यां हरिरधनात्मधनप्रियो रसज्ञः । श्रुतधनकुलकर्मणां मदैर्ये विदधति पापमकिञ्चनेषु सत्सु ।। ४-३१-२१ ।।
श्रियमनुचरतीं तदर्थिनश्च द्विपदपतीन्विबुधांश्च यत्स्वपूर्णः । न भजति निजभृत्यवर्गतन्त्रः कथममुमुद्विसृजेत्पुमान्कृतज्ञः ।। ४-३१-२२ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका –
सतामेव वश्योऽसावसतां तु पूजामपि न गृह्णातीत्याह – नेति । कुमनीषिणां कुत्सितमतीनाम् । अधनाश्च भगवद्धनास्ते प्रिया यस्य । रसज्ञो भक्तिसुखज्ञः । के कुमनीषिणस्तानाह । श्रुतादिनिमित्तैर्मदैर्ये सत्सु पापं तिरस्कारं कुर्वन्ति ।। २१ ।। भक्ताधीनत्वं प्रपञ्चयन्नाह । अनुवर्तमानामपि श्रियं तदर्थिनः सकामान् द्विपदपतीन्नरेन्द्रान्विबुधान् देवानपि यो नानुवर्तते । यतः स्वेनैव पूर्णोऽतः स्वभृत्यवर्गानुरक्त एव । एवंभूतममुमुत् ईषदपि कथं परित्यजेत् ।। २२ ।।

Gita Press translation – Śrī Hari, who loves the destitute looking upon Him as their (only) wealth, and knows the bliss inherent in Devotion, does not accept the worship of those foolish men who through their pride of learning, affluence, pedigree and (remarkable) deeds show disrespect to such destitute devotees (21). How can a man who has any sense of gratitude in him give up even for a while (the thought of) Him who has no regard (even) for Śrī (the goddess of beauty and prosperity and His own Consort) – even though She (ever) waits on Him – much less for kings (rulers of men) and gods seeking Her favor – inasmuch as He is perfect in Himself – but who is (nonetheless) subject to the will of His servants? (22)

कृतं जानातीति कृतज्ञः।

“ज्ञ” is a कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिकम् (participle form) derived from the verbal root √ज्ञा (क्र्यादि-गणः, ज्ञा अवबोधने, धातु-पाठः # ९. ४३) – in composition with “कृत”।

The (compound) प्रातिपदिकम् “कृतज्ञ” is derived as follows:

(1) कृत + ङस् (ref: 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति) + ज्ञा + क । By 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः – When in composition with a पदम् which denotes the object (of the action) a verbal root which ends in a आकारः may take the affix “क” as long as there is no उपसर्गः (ref: 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे) associated with the verbal root. Note: The affix “क” (prescribed by this सूत्रम्) is an exception to the affix “अण्” prescribed by 3-2-1 कर्मण्यण्।
Note: The term कर्मणि (which comes as अनुवृत्ति: in to the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः from the सूत्रम् 3-2-1 कर्मण्यण्) ends in the seventh (locative) case. Hence “कृत + ङस्” (which is the object (कर्म-पदम्) of जानाति) gets the उपपद-सञ्ज्ञा here by 3-1-92 तत्रोपपदं सप्तमीस्थम्‌ – The designation उपपदम् is applied to a term which denotes a thing – like a pot etc. – which is present (as the thing to be expressed) in a word ending in the locative case in the सूत्रम्।
Note: The affix “ङस्” is used here as per 2-3-65 कर्तृकर्मणोः कृति – To express the agent or the object (of an action), a nominal stem takes a sixth case affix when the nominal stem is used in conjunction with a term which ends in a कृत् affix. (This is what is called as कृद्योगे षष्ठी)।

(2) कृत + ङस् + ज्ञा + अ । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) कृत + ङस् + ज्ञ् + अ । By 6-4-64 आतो लोप इटि च – The ending आकार: of an अङ्गम् takes लोप: when followed by a vowel-beginning आर्धधातुक-प्रत्यय: that has either: (i) a “इट्”-आगम: or (ii) a ककार: or ङकार: as a इत्।

(4) कृत + ङस् + ज्ञ । We form a compound between “कृत + ङस्” (which is the उपपदम्) and “ज्ञ” by using the सूत्रम् 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ् – A सुबन्तम् (term ending in a सुँप् affix) having the designation “उपपद” (in this case “कृत + ङस्”) invariably compounds with a syntactically related term (in this case “ज्ञ”) as long as the compound does not end in a तिङ् affix.
In the compound, “कृत + ङस्” is placed in the prior position as per 2-2-30 उपसर्जनं पूर्वम्‌ – In a compound a term which has the designation “उपसर्जन” should be placed in the prior position. Note: Here “कृत + ङस्” is the उपपदम् and hence it gets the उपसर्जन-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-43 प्रथमानिर्दिष्टं समास उपसर्जनम् – A term denoted by a word (in this case “उपपदम्”) ending in a nominative case in a सूत्रम् (in this case 2-2-19 उपपदमतिङ्) which prescribes a compound gets the designation “उपसर्जन”। “कृत + ङस् + ज्ञ” gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

(5) कृतज्ञ । By 2-4-71 सुपो धातुप्रातिपदिकयोः – A सुँप् affix takes a लुक् elision when it is a part of a धातुः or a प्रातिपदिकम्।

The विवक्षा is पुंलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(6) कृतज्ञ + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) कृतज्ञ + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) कृतज्ञ: । रुँत्व-विसर्गौ by 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः and 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

Questions:

1. In the first verse of which chapter of the गीता has the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used?

2. Where else (besides in कृतज्ञ:) in the verses has the the सूत्रम् 3-2-3 आतोऽनुपसर्गे कः been used?

3. Which सूत्रम् is used to derive the प्रातिपदिकम् “प्रिय”?

4. Can you spot the affix “झि” in the verses?

5. Why doesn’t the सूत्रम् 8-2-77 हलि च apply in कुर्वन्ति (used in the commentary)?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“No one knows everything.” Paraphrase to “No one is a knower of everything.”

Easy Questions:

1. Where has the सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिकम् “अदस्” been used in the verses?

2. Can you spot the affix शप् in the verses?