Today we will look at the form ह्रियते 3Ps-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-28-6.
आत्मैव तदिदं विश्वं सृज्यते सृजति प्रभुः ।
त्रायते त्राति विश्वात्मा ह्रियते हरतीश्वरः ।। ११-२८-६ ।।
Gita Press translation “Therefore, this universe is (no other than) the (Supreme) Spirit, inasmuch as it is capable of assuming all forms and almighty (capable of evolving everything). It is that (Universal) Spirit (alone) which creates and is created, protects and is protected, destroys and is destroyed.
ह्रियते is derived from the धातुः √हृ (भ्वादि-गणः, हृञ् हरणे, धातु-पाठः # १. १०४६)
The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्मणि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।
Since the विवक्षा is कर्मणि (passive) only आत्मनेपदम् can be used as per 1-3-13 भावकर्मणोः – when denoting the action of the verb (भावे) or the object of the verb (कर्मणि), आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः are used in the place of a लकार:। As per 1-4-100 तङानावात्मनेपदम्, the nine प्रत्यया: from “त” to “महिङ्” get the आत्मनेपद-सञ्ज्ञा। So in कर्मणि प्रयोगः, only one of these nine प्रत्यया: can be used. Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।
(1) हृ + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.
(2) हृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(3) हृ + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।
(4) हृ + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे, the टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.
(5) हृ + यक् + ते । By 3-1-67 सार्वधातुके यक्, the यक्-प्रत्ययः follows a धातुः when a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्ययः follows denoting the action of the verb (भावे) or the object of the verb (कर्मणि)। यक् gets आर्धधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-114 आर्द्धधातुकं शेषः।
(6) हृ + य + ते । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
(7) ह् रिङ् + य + ते । By 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु – The ending ऋकारः (ऋत्) of an अङ्गम् is replaced by रिङ्, when followed by the श-प्रत्यय: or यक्-प्रत्यय: or यकारादि: (beginning with a यकार:) आर्धधातुक-प्रत्ययः of लिँङ्। As per 1-1-53 ङिच्च, only the ending ऋकार: of the अङ्गम् gets replaced.
(8) ह्रियते । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
Questions:
1. Where has ह्रियते been used in the गीता?
2. What would have been the final form in this example if the विवक्षा had been कर्तरि (instead of कर्मणि)? (This form has been used in the verse.)
3. Where has 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति been used in the verse?
4. Why didn’t 7-4-25 अकृत्सार्वधातुकयोर्दीर्घः apply after step 8?
5. Which अव्ययम् used in the verse has been translated to “Therefore”?
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The beauty of this temple captivates (carries away) my mind.” Use √हृ (हृञ् हरणे, धातु-पाठः # १. १०४६) for “to carry away.”
Easy questions:
1. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
2. Where has 7-1-24 अतोऽम् been used in the verse?
1. Where has ह्रियते been used in the गीता?
Answer: पूर्वाभ्यासेन तेनैव ह्रियते ह्यवशोऽपि सः |
जिज्ञासुरपि योगस्य शब्दब्रह्मातिवर्तते || 6-44||
2. What would have been the final form in this example if the विवक्षा had been कर्तरि (instead of कर्मणि)? (This form has been used in the verse.)
Answer: The final form in this example if the विवक्षा had been कर्तरि (instead of कर्मणि) would be हरति।
हृ + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्।
= हृ + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= हृ + तिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ्।
= हृ + शप् + तिप् । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्।
= हर् + शप् + तिप् । By 7-3-84 सार्वधातुकार्धधातुकयोः, 1-1-51 उरण् रपरः।
= हर् + अ + ति । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।
= हरति ।
3. Where has 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति been used in the verse?
Answer: 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति has been used in the सन्धि-कार्यम् between आत्मा and एव (= आत्मैव)। आत्मा is प्रथमा-एकवचनम् of the प्रातिपदिकम् “आत्मन्”।
The सूत्रम् 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य has been used to do the नकार-लोप: and arrive at the form आत्मा ।
Now as per 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्, this नकार-लोपः (done by 8-2-7 नलोपः प्रातिपदिकान्तस्य) to arrive at the form आत्मा should not be visible to any prior rule (in the अष्टाध्यायी)। But 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति limits the authority of 8-2-1 and says that the नकार-लोपः (done by 8-2-7) is not visible only to those rules that are in the four categories mentioned below – others will see the नकार-लोपः।
The four categories are:
1. सुँब्विधौ – rules relating to सुँप् affixes
2. स्वरविधौ – rules relating to accents (in the वेद:)
3. सञ्ज्ञाविधौ – rules that give names or designations
4. कृति तुँग्विधौ – rules that prescribe a तुँक् augment in connection with a कृत्-प्रत्यय:।
Since 6-1-88 वृद्धिरेचि does not fall in any of the above four categories, it will see the नकार-लोपः and hence apply to give आत्मा + एव (= आत्मैव) । (This would not have been possible if we didn’t have 8-2-2 नलोपः सुप्स्वरसंज्ञातुग्विधिषु कृति limiting the application of 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्)।
4. Why didn’t 7-4-25 अकृत्सार्वधातुकयोर्दीर्घः apply after step 8?
Answer: The सिद्धान्तकौमुदी makes the following comment on 7-4-28 – रीङि प्रकृते रिङि्वधानसामर्थ्याद् दीर्घो न – which means that 7-4-25 अकृत्सार्वधातुकयोर्दीर्घः is not applied after applying 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु for the following reason –
In the अष्टाध्यायी, the सूत्रम् 7-4-27 रीङ् ऋतः comes right before 7-4-28 रिङ् शयग्लिङ्क्षु। If पाणिनिः wanted to get the दीर्घ-आदेशः then he would have used the अनुवृत्तिः of रीङ् from 7-4-27. The fact that he has introduced रिङ् in 7-4-28 is a ज्ञापकम् (indication) that after applying 7-4-28, the दीर्घ-आदेशः should not be done (by 7-4-25.)
5. Which अव्ययम् used in the verse has been translated to “Therefore”?
Answer: अव्ययम् “तद्” used in the verse translates to “therefore”. The अव्ययम् “तद्” is considered to belong to the चादि-गणः (which is an आकृति-गण:) referenced in 1-4-57 चादयोऽसत्त्वे। Terms belonging to the चादि-गणः are निपाताः since they are listed in the अधिकार: of 1-4-56 प्राग्रीश्वरान्निपाताः । By 1-1-37 स्वरादिनिपातमव्ययम् they get the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा।
6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“The beauty of this temple captivates (carries away) my mind.” Use √हृ (हृञ् हरणे, धातु-पाठः # १. १०४६) for “to carry away.”
Answer: अस्य मन्दिरस्य शोभा/सौन्दर्यम् मम/मे मनः हरति = अस्य मन्दिरस्य शोभा/सौन्दर्यं मम/मे मनो हरति।
Easy questions:
1. Which term used in the verse has the घि-सञ्ज्ञा?
Answer: प्रातिपदिकम् प्रभु gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-4-7 शेषो घ्यसखि – When a short “इ” ending or short “उ” ending term – except for “सखि” – does not have the नदी-सञ्ज्ञा then it gets the घि-सञ्ज्ञा।
2. Where has 7-1-24 अतोऽम् been used in the verse?
Answer: 7-1-24 अतोऽम् been used in the verse in the form विश्वम्, नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “विश्व”, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।
विश्व + सुँ (4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छस्टा…)
= विश्व + अम् (7-1-24 अतोऽम्, the affixes “सुँ” and “अम्” that follow a neuter अङ्गम् ending in the short vowel “अ” take “अम्” as their replacement.)
= विश्वम् (6-1-107 अमि पूर्वः)।