Today we will look at the form देहि 2As-लोँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb10-11-18.

धूलिधूसरिताङ्गस्त्वं पुत्र मज्जनमावह ।
जन्मर्क्षं तेऽद्य भवति विप्रेभ्यो देहि गाः शुचिः ।। १०-११-१८ ।।

Gita Press translation “Take your bath, my boy – you whose person is soiled with dust. The star presiding over your birth is in the ascendant today. Getting purified (through bath), give away cows to (holy) Brāhmaṇas.”

देहि is derived from the धातुः √दा (जुहोत्यादि-गणः डुदाञ् दाने,धातु-पाठः #३. १०)।

The विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम् ।

The “डु” at the beginning of this धातुः gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-5 आदिर्ञिटुडवः। The ञकारः at the end gets इत्-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्। Both take लोप: by 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

Since the √दा-धातुः has ञकारः as इत् in the धातु-पाठः by 1-3-72 स्वरितञितः कर्त्रभिप्राये क्रियाफले, the √दा-धातुः will take आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः when the fruit of the action (क्रियाफलम्) accrues to the doer (कर्त्रभिप्रायम् = कर्तृ-अभिप्रायम्)। In the remaining case – when the fruit of the action does not accrue to the doer – by 1-3-78 शेषात् कर्तरि परस्मैपदम् – the √दा-धातुः will take परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः। In reality though, this distinction of the fruit of the action accruing to the doer or not, is rarely honored in the language. So as a practical matter, a verbal root such as “√दा” will take either आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः or परस्मैपद-प्रत्ययाः regardless of whether the fruit of the action accrues to the doer or not. In short, √दा-धातुः will be उभयपदी। In this verse, it has taken a परस्मैपद-प्रत्यय:।

Since the विवक्षा is लोँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, मध्यम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्, the प्रत्ययः is “सिप्”।

(1) दा + लोँट् । By 3-3-162 लोट् च, the affix लोँट् comes after a धातुः when used in the sense of command/request.

(2) दा + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(3) दा + सिप् । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस् तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “सिप्” as the substitute for the लकारः। “सिप्” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) दा + सि । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम् , 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) दा + हि । By 3-4-87 सेर्ह्यपिच्च , “सि” of लोँट् is substituted by “हि” and it is an अपित्। “हि” also gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-56 स्थानिवदादेशोऽनल्विधौ ।

(6) दा + शप् + हि । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent.

(7) दा + हि । By 2-4-75 जुहोत्यादिभ्यः श्लुः, the शप्-प्रत्यय: following the verbal roots “हु” etc. gets “श्लु” (elision).

(8) दा + दा + हि । By 6-1-10 श्लौ, a verbal root when followed by “श्लु” gets reduplicated.

(9) द + दा + हि । By 7-4-59 ह्रस्वः, the अच् (vowel) of a reduplicate (अभ्यासः – ref. 6-1-4 पूर्वोऽभ्यासः) is substituted by a short vowel.

(10) देहि । By 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च, when the “हि”-प्रत्यय: follows, there is a substitution of एकार: in place of a धातु: that has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा and also in place of √अस् (असँ भुवि #२. ६०)। Simultaneously there is a लोप: of the अभ्यास: (if any). √दा-धातुः (डुदाञ् दाने ३. १०) has the घु-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप् ।

Questions:

1. Where has 6-1-10 श्लौ been used in the first five verses of Chapter 14 of the गीता?

2. In the verse, can you identify a term which gets the अव्यय-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-38 तद्धितश्चासर्वविभक्तिः?

3. Where else (besides in देहि) has the हि-आदेश: been used in the verse?

4. Can you recall two other सूत्रे (besides 1-1-20 दाधा घ्वदाप् and 6-4-119 घ्वसोरेद्धावभ्यासलोपश्च) wherein पाणिनि: mentions the term “घु”?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-1-93 औतोऽम्शसोः been used in the verse?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Give this book to your teacher.” Use चतुर्थी विभक्ति: with “teacher.”

Easy questions:

1. Can you spot a “तिप्”-प्रत्यय: in the verse?

2. Where has 6-1-114 हशि च been used?