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विचष्टे 3As-लँट्

Today we will look at the form विचष्टे 3As-लँट् from श्रीमद्भागवतम् Sb11-14-45.

एवं समाहितमतिर्मामेवात्मानमात्मनि ।
विचष्टे मयि सर्वात्मन्ज्योतिर्ज्योतिषि संयुतम् ।। ११-१४-४५ ।।

Gita Press translation “With his intellect thus established (in Me) he sees Me in himself and himself actually merged in Me, the Universal Soul, like (an individual) light in (the element of) fire.”

विचष्टे is derived from the धातुः √चक्ष् (चक्षिँङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि । अयं दर्शनेऽपि, अदादि-गणः, धातु-पाठः #२. ७)

The विवक्षा is लँट्, कर्तरि प्रयोग:, प्रथम-पुरुषः, एकवचनम्।

In the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”, the इकारः is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्। This इकारः has अनुदात्त-स्वरः। The ending ङकार: is also an इत् by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्। Therefore the सूत्रम् 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् applies to the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”। Hence “चक्षिँङ्” will take only आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः। See advanced question.

Since the विवक्षा is प्रथम-पुरुष-एकवचनम्, the प्रत्यय: will be “त”।

(1) चक्ष् + लँट् । By 3-2-123 वर्तमाने लट्, the affix लँट् comes after a धातुः when denoting an action in the present tense.

(2) चक्ष् + ल् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः

(3) चक्ष् + त । 3-4-78 तिप्तस्झिसिप्थस्थमिब्वस्मस्तातांझथासाथांध्वमिड्वहिमहिङ् mandates the प्रत्ययः “त” as the substitute for the लकारः। “त” gets the सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम् – The affixes of the तिङ्-प्रत्याहारः and the affixes that have शकारः as an इत् get the designation of सार्वधातुकम् if they are prescribed in the “धातो:” अधिकार:।

(4) चक्ष् + ते । By 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे, the टि-भागः of a आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययः which substitutes a टित्-लकारः (a लकार: which has टकार: as a इत्), gets एकारः as the replacement.

(5) चक्ष् + शप् + ते । By 3-1-68 कर्तरि शप्‌, the शप्-प्रत्यय: is placed after a verbal root, when followed by a सार्वधातुक-प्रत्यय: that is used signifying the agent. The शप्-प्रत्यय: which is a शित्, gets सार्वधातुक-सञ्ज्ञा by 3-4-113 तिङ्शित्सार्वधातुकम्

(6) चक् ष् + ते । By 2-4-72 अदिप्रभृतिभ्यः शपः, the शप्-प्रत्ययः takes the लुक् elision when following a verbal root belonging to अदादि-गणः।

(7) चष्ते । By 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च, the सकारः or ककारः at the beginning of a conjunct takes लोपः when the conjunct is at the end of a पदम् or followed by a झल् letter.

(8) चष्टे । टकारादेशः by 8-4-41 ष्टुना ष्टुः

Note: “वि” has been used as a उपसर्ग:। – ref. 1-4-59 उपसर्गाः क्रियायोगे
वि + चष्टे = विचष्टे।

Questions:

1. What is the point of पाणिनि: saying “अन्ते च” in the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च – because it looks like whenever there is a संयोग: at the end of a पदम् then (as per 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्) 8-2-23 संयोगान्तस्य लोपः will apply first and remove the ending letter. 8-2-29 will not get any chance to apply in the case of a संयोग: at the end of a पदम्?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च, the काशिका says – संयोगाद्योः इति किम्? पयः। Please explain.

3. Will there be an alternate form for “आत्मनि” (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “आत्मन्”, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) by 6-4-136 विभाषा ङिश्योः?

4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“One should never revile good men.” Use √चक्ष् (चक्षिँङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि । अयं दर्शनेऽपि, धातु-पाठः #२. ७) with the उपसर्ग: “परि” for “to revile (to abuse upon)” and use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “साधु” for “good man.”

5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“We should strive to attain proficiency in grammar.” Use √यत् (यतीँ प्रयत्ने १. ३०) for “to strive”, use the अव्ययम् “प्राप्तुम्” for “to attain” and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “नैपुण्य” for “proficiency.”

Advanced question:

1. In the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”, the इकारः is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्। This इकारः has अनुदात्त-स्वरः। On the basis of this alone we can apply 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्। Then why has पाणिनि: also added the ङकार: as an इत् to guarantee the application of 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्? What ज्ञापकम् (indication) can we deduce from this? (We have seen the importance of this ज्ञापकम् in a prior post.)

Easy questions:

1. By which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: define the टि-सञ्ज्ञा (referred to in the सूत्रम् 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे)?

2. Where has the “अस्मद्”-प्रातिपदिकम् been used in the verse?


1 Comment

  1. 1. What is the point of पाणिनि: saying “अन्ते च” in the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च – because it looks like whenever there is a संयोग: at the end of a पदम् then (as per 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्) 8-2-23 संयोगान्तस्य लोपः will apply first and remove the ending letter. 8-2-29 will not get any chance to apply in the case of a संयोग: at the end of a पदम्?

    Answer: Yes, it is true that as per 8-2-1 पूर्वत्रासिद्धम्, we should apply 8-2-23 संयोगान्तस्य लोपः first, and then only go to 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च। But the fact that पाणिनि: has said “अन्ते च” in the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च means that he intends 8-2-29 to be an अपवाद: for 8-2-23. (Otherwise “अन्ते च” would become useless.) So when the conditions for applying 8-2-29 are satisfied at the end of a पदम्, then we have to bypass 8-2-23 and give 8-2-29 a chance.
    “अपवादो वचनप्रामाण्यात्”।

    2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 8-2-29 स्कोः संयोगाद्योरन्ते च, the काशिका says – संयोगाद्योः इति किम्? पयः। Please explain.

    Answer: In पयः, the नपुंसकलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् is “पयस्” declined as प्रथमा/द्वितीया-एकवचनम्।
    पयस् + सुँ/अम् 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टा…
    = पयस् 7-1-23 स्वमोर्नपुंसकात्‌।
    The सकारः is at the end of the पदम्, but is not संयोगादि: (at the beginning of a conjunct.) This is the reason why 8-2-29 does not apply here.
    = पयः 8-2-66 ससजुषो रुः, 8-3-15 खरवसानयोर्विसर्जनीयः।

    3. Will there be an alternate form for “आत्मनि” (पुंलिङ्ग-प्रातिपदिकम् “आत्मन्”, सप्तमी-एकवचनम्) by 6-4-136 विभाषा ङिश्योः?

    Answer: No – because of 6-4-137 न संयोगाद्वमन्तात्। The अकारः of अन् does not take लोपः (as ordained by 6-4-134), when it follows a conjunct that has वकारः or मकारः as its last member.

    4. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “One should never revile good men.” Use √चक्ष् (चक्षिँङ् व्यक्तायां वाचि । अयं दर्शनेऽपि, धातु-पाठः #२. ७) with the उपसर्ग: “परि” for “to revile (to abuse upon)” and use the masculine प्रातिपदिकम् “साधु” for “good man.”

    Answer: साधून् न कदा अपि परिचक्षीत। = साधून्न कदापि परिचक्षीत।

    5. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
    “We should strive to attain proficiency in grammar.” Use √यत् (यतीँ प्रयत्ने १. ३०) for “to strive”, use the अव्ययम् “प्राप्तुम्” for “to attain” and the neuter प्रातिपदिकम् “नैपुण्य” for “proficiency.”

    Answer: व्याकरणे नैपुण्यम् प्राप्तुम् यतेमहि। = व्याकरणे नैपुण्यं प्राप्तुं यतेमहि।

    Advanced question:

    1. In the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”, the इकारः is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्। This इकारः has अनुदात्त-स्वरः। On the basis of this alone we can apply 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्। Then why has पाणिनि: also added the ङकार: as an इत् to guarantee the application of 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्? What ज्ञापकम् (indication) can we deduce from this? (We have seen the importance of this ज्ञापकम् in a prior post.)

    Answer: In the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”, the इकारः is an इत् by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्। This इकारः has अनुदात्त-स्वरः। Therefore the सूत्रम् 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम् applies to the धातुः “चक्षिँङ्”। Hence “चक्षिँङ्” will take only आत्मनेपद-प्रत्ययाः।
    Then why has पाणिनिः added ङकारः as an इत् in “चक्षिँङ्”? It is to guarantee the application of 1-3-12 अनुदात्तङित आत्मनेपदम्। This implies that having a अनुदात्त-इत् in a धातुः does not guarantee the application of 1-3-12.
    Thus the ङकारः is ज्ञापनार्थः (serves as an indication) to show that आत्मनेपदम् which is अनुदात्तेत्त्वप्रयुक्तम् (coming as a result of the धातुः having the अनुदात्त-इत्) is अनित्यम् (not guaranteed.)
    In a previous example, we have seen the धातुः √रम् (भ्वादि-गणः, रमँ क्रीडायाम्) which has a अनुदात्त-इत्। Though 1-3-12 should have applied, it was bypassed. This can be justified based on the ज्ञापकम् mentioned above.

    Easy questions:

    1. By which सूत्रम् does पाणिनि: define the टि-सञ्ज्ञा (referred to in the सूत्रम् 3-4-79 टित आत्मनेपदानां टेरे)?

    Answer: पाणिनि: defines the टि-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-1-64 अचोऽन्त्यादि टि। That part of a group of sounds which begins with the last vowel of the group (and goes to the end of the group) gets the designation “टि”।

    2. Where has the “अस्मद्”-प्रातिपदिकम् been used in the verse?

    Answer: माम् (द्वितीया-एकवचनम्) and मयि (सप्तमी-एकवचनम्)।

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