Today we will look at the form विद्या fNs from श्रीमद्भागवतम् 9.4.70.

तपो विद्या च विप्राणां निःश्रेयसकरे उभे । त एव दुर्विनीतस्य कल्पेते कर्तुरन्यथा ।। ९-४-७० ।।
ब्रह्मंस्तद्गच्छ भद्रं ते नाभागतनयं नृपम् । क्षमापय महाभागं ततः शान्तिर्भविष्यति ।। ९-४-७१ ।।

श्रीधर-स्वामि-टीका
तपोविद्यासंपन्नस्य मम कथमनर्थः समजनीति मा स्म विस्मयं कार्षीरित्याह – तप इति ।। ७० ।। ७१ ।।

Gita Press translation – Asceticism and worship (offered to a deity) are both conducive to the highest good (final beatitude) for Brāhmaṇas (endowed with humility and other virtues). In the case (however) of a doer who is lacking in modesty, those very practices lead to contrary results (prove harmful) (70). Therefore, O Brāhmaṇa, may good betide you; approach King Ambarīṣa (the son of Nābhāga) and seek the forgiveness of that highly blessed soul. Then (alone) will peace (of mind) come (to you) (71).

Note: विद्या normally means ‘knowledge/science’ but in the present context it has been interpreted as उपासना = ‘worship.’

विदन्त्यनयेति विद्या derived from the verbal root √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने २. ५९).

(1) विद् + क्यप्‌ । By 3-3-99 संज्ञायां समजनिषदनिपतमनविदषुञ्शीङ्भृञिणः – In order to derive a proper name in the feminine gender the affix क्यप्‌ with a उदात्त: accent is used following any one of the verbal roots listed below to denote either the sense of the verbal root as having attained to a completed state or any कारक: except the agent of the action –
(i) √अज् (अजँ गतिक्षेपणयोः १. २६२) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’
(ii) √सद् (षद्ऌँ विशरणगत्यवसादनेषु १. ९९०, ६. १६३) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’
(iii) √पत् (पतॢँ गतौ १. ९७९) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘नि’
(iv) √मन् (मनँ ज्ञाने ४. ७३)
(v) √विद् (विदँ ज्ञाने २. ५९)
(vi) √सु (षुञ् अभिषवे ५. १)
(vii) √शी (शीङ् स्वप्ने २. २६)
(viii) √भृ (भृञ् भरणे १. १०४५)
(ix) √इ (इण् गतौ २. ४०)
Note: In the present example the affix ‘क्यप्’ denotes the करणम् (instrument of the action).

(2) विद् + य । अनुबन्ध-लोप: by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-8 लशक्वतद्धिते and 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः। Note: 1-1-5 क्क्ङिति च stops 7-3-86 पुगन्तलघूपधस्य च।

= विद्य ।

‘विद्य’ gets प्रातिपदिक-सञ्ज्ञा by 1-2-46 कृत्तद्धितसमासाश्च – A word form that ends in a कृत्-प्रत्ययः or a तद्धित-प्रत्ययः and so also compounds get the name प्रातिपदिकम्।

Note: Since this प्रातिपदिकम् is used in the feminine gender we have to add the appropriate feminine affix (स्त्रीप्रत्यय:)।

(3) विद्य + टाप् । By 4-1-4 अजाद्यतष्टाप्‌ – The प्रातिपदिकानि ‘अज’ etc. and प्रातिपदिकानि ending in the letter ‘अ’ get the टाप् affix in the feminine gender.

(4) विद्य + आ । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-3 हलन्त्यम्, 1-3-7 चुटू, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(5) विद्या । By 6-1-101 अकः सवर्णे दीर्घः।

The विवक्षा is स्त्रीलिङ्गे, प्रथमा-एकवचनम्।

(6) विद्या + सुँ । By 4-1-2 स्वौजसमौट्छष्टाभ्याम्भिस्ङेभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसिँभ्याम्भ्यस्ङसोसाम्ङ्योस्सुप्।

(7) विद्या + स् । अनुबन्ध-लोपः by 1-3-2 उपदेशेऽजनुनासिक इत्, 1-3-9 तस्य लोपः।

(8) विद्या । By 6-1-68 हल्ङ्याब्भ्यो दीर्घात्‌ सुतिस्यपृक्तं हल् – A single letter affix ‘सुँ’, ‘ति’ or ‘सि’ is dropped following a base ending in a consonant or in the long feminine affix ‘ङी’ or ‘आप्’।

Questions:

1. Where has the प्रातिपदिकम् ‘विद्या’ been used independently (not as part of a compound) in the गीता?

2. Commenting on the सूत्रम् 3-3-99 संज्ञायां समजनिषदनिपतमनविदषुञ्शीङ्भृञिणः (used in step 1) the काशिका says – भाव इति न स्वर्यते। पूर्व एवात्रार्थाधिकारः। Please explain.

3. Can you spot the affix ‘ट’ in the verses?

4. Which सूत्रम् prescribes the substitution ‘चिण्’ (in place of ‘च्लि’) in the form समजनि (used in the commentary)?

5. Where has the सूत्रम् 6-4-15 अनुनासिकस्य क्विझलोः क्ङिति been used in the verses?

6. How would you say this in Sanskrit?
“Śrī Rāma was endowed with knowledge as well as humility.” Use the affix ‘क्त’ with the verbal root √पद् (पदँ गतौ ४. ६५) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘सम्’ to create an adjective प्रातिपदिकम् meaning ‘endowed with.’ Use the affix ‘अच्’ (prescribed by 3-3-56 एरच्) with the verbal root √नी (णीञ् प्रापणे १. १०४९) preceded by the उपसर्ग: ‘वि’ to create a masculine noun प्रातिपदिकम् meaning ‘humility.’

Easy questions:

1. Where has the सूत्रम् 7-2-81 आतो ङितः been used in the verses?

2. Why has no सन्धि-कार्यम् been done between निःश्रेयसकरे + उभे?